针对吸能防冲支架已有吸能构件防冲性能不足的问题，提出了一种泡沫铝填充多胞方管结构，根据泡沫材料填充薄壁结构轴向吸能理论得出其压溃平均载荷公式，采用ABAQUS/Explicit完成了普通方管、多胞方管和泡沫铝填充多胞方管轴向冲击仿真，并在此基础上对比研究了普通立柱与吸能立柱的抗冲击性能。结果表明：相对于普通方管和多胞方管，泡沫铝填充多胞方管产生了压溃形态理想的轴对称渐进叠缩变形，变形中初始承载峰值、载荷均值与吸能量均明显提高，有效变形距离减小，载荷波动降低，承载效率提高。随泡沫铝填充率增加，构件有效变形距离与吸能量减小；随泡沫铝孔隙度降低，构件载荷均方差降低，吸能量与承载效率提高。25%填充率下60%孔隙度泡沫铝填充多胞方管是较为理想的吸能防冲构件。普通立柱受冲击后载荷激增，弯曲变形严重，立柱依靠自身变形吸收冲击能量，支护效果较差；而吸能立柱受冲击后吸能构件启动变形让位吸能，大幅度降低了立柱的载荷，吸收了外界大部分的冲击能量，避免了立柱的弯曲变形，提高了支架的抗冲击性能。

Aiming at the insufficient anti-impact performance of existing components of the energy-absorbing anti-impact support, a foam aluminum filled multicellular square tube structure is proposed. According to the axial energy absorption theory of thin-walled structures filled with foam materials, the formula of average crushing load is obtained. The axial impact simulation of square tube, multicellular square tube and foam aluminum filled multicellular square tube are completed by using ABAQUS/Explicit. On this basis, the impact resistance of ordinary hydraulic column and energy absorbing hydraulic column is analyzed. The results showed that compared with the square tube and multicellular square tube, the foam aluminum filled multicellular square tube has an ideal axisymmetric progressive deformation. The initial load peak value, load bearing-mean and energy absorption are greatly improved, the effective deformation distance is reduced, the load fluctuation is reduced, and the load carrying efficiency is improved. With the increase of foam aluminum filling ratio, the effective deformation distance and energy absorption of the component are reduced. As the porosity of aluminum foam decreases, the force variance decreases, and energy absorption and the load carrying efficiency increase. Aluminum foam-filled multicellular square tube with 60% porosity at 25% filling rate is an ideal energy absorption component. Ordinary column surges after impact load, bending deformation is serious, column relies on its own deformation to absorb energy, supporting effect is poor. After the energy-absorbing column is impacted, the energy absorption component begins to deform and absorb energy. Greatly reduce the load of the column, absorb most of the outside impact energy, avoid the column bending deformation, improve the impact resistance of the support.