针对普通射流在破岩过程中存在的靶距短、喷嘴直径小造成的破岩能量小，难以实现岩石的高效破碎等问题，提出一种高压聚能射流发生装置。该装置利用阀芯改变流体介质的流动方向，使活塞在缸内往复运动，依靠活塞的高速运动实现射流的增压效果，并通过改变泵站流量实现对射流脉冲频率以及脉冲压力的可靠调节。首先，对高压聚能射流发生装置整体结构以及不同工作阶段进行详细介绍，阐述其工作原理。其次，基于流体力学和能量守恒理论，建立高压聚能射流发生装置动力学模型，分析装置不同结构参数与动力参数的关系，探究装置结构参数对射流冲击压力的影响，揭示增压活塞在冲击过程阶段的能量演化规律，进而得到射流冲击压力与泄油口面积、活塞杆直径、喷嘴出口直径以及系统压力均呈现先增大后减小的趋势、系统压力、喷嘴出口压力、泄油口面积、活塞杆直径对装置性能的影响程度依次降低的影响规律；在此基础上，构建高压聚能射流破岩试验系统及液压控制系统，开展高压聚能射流冲击破岩试验研究，以此验证系统可行性以及理论分析的正确性。试验结果表明：相较于普通射流，无论是在射流产生的破碎深度和破碎坑体积方面，高压聚能射流破岩效果均优于普通射流。高压聚能射流冲击破岩过程呈周期性变化，在10 MPa的输入压力下，输出压力可以达到72.5 MPa，具有良好的增压效果；在预定系统压力下，射流冲击岩石的最优靶距为10 cm；射流冲击频率随液压泵流量呈线性增长，且岩石破碎体积、破碎坑直径以及深度均随着冲击频率的增加呈现增长的趋势。

A high-pressure energy-gathering water jet generator was proposed to solve the problems of rock breaking caused by the short target distance and small nozzle diameter, which made it difficult to achieve efficient rock breaking. The device uses the valve core to change the flow direction of the fluid medium so that the piston moves reciprocally in the cylinder, realizes the pressurization effect of the jet by relying on the high-speed movement of the piston, and realizes reliable regulation of the jet pulse frequency and pulse pressure by changing the flow rate of the pump station. Firstly, the whole structure and different working stages of the high-pressure jet generator are introduced in detail, and its working principle is expounded. Secondly, based on fluid mechanics and energy conservation theory, a dynamic model of a high-pressure energy-gathering water jet generator is established to analyze the relationship between different structural parameters and dynamic parameters of the device, explore the influence of device structural parameters on jet impact pressure, and reveal the energy evolution law of a pressurized piston in the impact process. The impact pressure of the jet, the area of the oil outlet, the diameter of the piston rod, the diameter of the nozzle outlet, and the system pressure all increase first and then decrease, and the influence of the system pressure, the nozzle outlet pressure, the area of the oil outlet, and the diameter of the piston rod on the performance of the device decreases successively. On this basis, the high-pressure shaped charge jet rock breaking test system and hydraulic control system are constructed, and the high-pressure shaped charge jet impact rock breaking test research is carried out to verify the feasibility of the system and the correctness of the theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the high-pressure-shaped jet has a better rock-breaking effect than an ordinary jet, both in terms of crushing depth and crushing pit volume. The rock-breaking process of high-pressure jet impacts changes periodically. Under the input pressure of 10 MPa, the output pressure can reach 72.5 MPa, which has a good pressurization effect. Under the predetermined system pressure, the optimal target distance of a jet-impacting rock is 10 cm. The impact frequency of the jet increases linearly with the flow rate of the hydraulic pump, and the rock crushing volume, crushing pit diameter, and depth all increase with the increase in impact frequency.