基于我国矿山类型多、数量大、点多面广的特点,系统归纳了不同矿产资源类型、不同地理单元矿山修复理论、技术和方法:煤炭矿山和非金属矿山优先消除地质安全隐患,采取地貌重塑、土壤重构和植被重建等工程措施修复;油气矿山和金属矿山重点关注环境污染问题,采用物理、化学、生物等综合技术修复。根据不同地理单元自然资源禀赋差异,统筹考虑山水林田湖草沙各生态要素不同特点,兼顾不同地理单元生态修复技术自有原则,参照生态功能特点、生态系统特征、生态环境条件进行矿山生态修复区划,依托技术适宜性分析,提出自然恢复与人工修复相结合的矿山生态修复模式。通过重点分析矿山生态修复标准研发、法治建设、公众参与等方面的工作进展,详细阐述当前矿山生态修复理论研究基本现状,探讨矿山生态修复科技研发与理论建设融合路径。随着新时期生态文明建设步伐日趋加快、山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复理念持续深化,科学推进矿山生态修复势必在规划设计、科技攻关、标准研发、法治建设、公众参与等方面集中发力,协同推动矿产资源绿色开发与矿山生态保护修复,进而为促进人与自然和谐共生提供有效参考。

In the light of the diverse and extensive nature of mining in China,characterized by a multitude of types,vaston ecological functional characteristics,ecosystem features,and environmental conditions. With reliance on technical suitability analysis,a mining ecological restoration model that combines natural recovery with artificial restoration is proposed. The study extensively analyzes the progress in key areas such as the development of mining ecological restoration standards, legal construction,and public participation. It elaborates on the current status of theoretical research in mining ecological restoration and systematically explores the integration path of technological development and theoretical construction. As the pace of ecological civilization construction accelerates in the new era and the concept of integrated protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grasslands,and sands deepens,the scientific advancement of mining ecological restoration is bound to concentrate efforts in planning and design,technological breakthroughs,standard development,legal construction,public participation, and coordinated promotion of green development of mineral resources and ecological protection and restoration of mines. Then it can provide an effective reference for promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.