In view of the leveling condition of shallow hole blasting in underground mine chamber floor, the construction operation of shallow hole blasting is realized by using the method of central multi-section cutting and peripheral hole delay blasting. The blasting design parameters are obtained by combining the actual situation and theoretical calculation. The cutting area is specially designed, and the cutting method is optimized to ensure the smooth throwing of the rock in cutting area and provide free surface for the back hole. In order to verify the rationality of the design, the designer uses LS - DYNA numerical simulation software to establish a three - dimensional finite element model of shallow hole blasting, and carries out numerical simulation analysis on the blasting design. The results show that the material failure is obvious after the blasting in of the rock model, the effective stress is higher than the rock failure condition, the compression around the blast holes fails, the blast holes are connected with seams, the crushing is uniform; after the field blasting construction, the blast pile is loose and concentrated, and the rock is evenly broken, and the utilization rate of the blast hole is 72% -82%. The blasting effect is relatively ideal, which provides a reference for the blasting design of similar projects.