新疆高碱煤中水溶态钠、氯、硫酸根离子等含量较高，严重影响了新疆煤的清洁高效利用，高碱煤中水溶态元素的组合模式及其对煤质的影响已成为科学认识和评价新疆煤需要解决的一个基本问题。研究采集了新疆东部地区大井、西黑山、三塘湖、淖毛湖和沙尔湖等矿区的煤层煤样和商品煤样，以及不同矿区地表土壤、煤层上覆岩层、煤层顶板和夹矸样品，包括部分矿区地表盐岩样品，利用溶滤试验，测定了各相关样品中水溶态离子的含量；综合各矿井煤灰成分分析、水溶态离子占比、水溶态离子比值参数与Piper三线图等方法，分析了不同矿区煤中水溶态元素的组合特征差异；通过比较煤层、含煤地层中其他岩层及地表土壤中各种水溶态离子含量的变化，初步探讨了煤中水溶态元素的可能成因及其影响因素。结果表明：新疆东部不同矿区煤中水溶态元素含量和组合模式都存在比较显著的差异，其含量差异可以达3倍左右，组合模式方面，既有Cl-Na型和Cl·HCO₃-Na型，也有SO₄-Na·Ca型和SO₄·HCO₃-Na型等其他类型组合分布。各种水溶态离子比值参数显示，煤中水溶态离子之间发生过离子交换作用。新疆高碱煤的形成是一个目前仍在发展中的现代地质作用过程，地表盐岩和土壤中水溶态离子随地下水下渗逐步进入煤层而导致高碱煤形成的可能性极大，且过程比较复杂。受离子交换作用和沉淀作用等因素影响，煤中碱金属、碱土金属和氯、硫等元素的相互结合形态、赋存状态变得更加复杂，但水溶态仍是主要形式。

The high content of water-soluble sodium, chlorine and sulfate ions in Xinjiang’s high-alkali coal seriously affects the clean and efficient utilization of Xinjiang’s coal. The combination mode of water-soluble elements in high-alkali coal and the influence on coal quality has become a basic problem to be solved in the scientific understanding and evaluation of Xinjiang’s coal. We collected coal seam and commercial coal samples from Dajing, Xiheishan, Santanghu, Naomaohu and Shaerhu mining areas in eastern Xinjiang, as well as surface soil overlying on the coal seams, roof and gangue samples in different mining areas, including surface salt rock samples from some mining areas. The content of water-soluble ions in relevant samples was determined by the leaching experiment. Based on the method of coal ash composition, proportion of water-soluble ions, water-soluble ions ratio parameter and Piper trilinear diagram, the difference of the combined characteristics of water-soluble elements in coal in different mining areas were analyzed. The possible causes and influencing factors of water-soluble elements in coal were discussed by comparing the variations of water-soluble ions in coal seams, other rock layers of coal-bearing strata and surface soil. The result shows that there are significant differences in the content and combination modes of water-soluble elements in coal from different mining areas in eastern Xinjiang, and the degree of difference in content can be about 3 times. In terms of combination modes, there are Cl-Na type and Cl·HCO₃-Na type, as well as other types of combinations such as SO₄-Na·Ca type and SO₄·HCO₃-Na type. The ratio parameters of various water-soluble ions show that there have been ion-exchange between water-soluble ions in the coal. The formation of high-alkali coal in Xinjiang is a modern geological processes currently still in development. There has been a distinct possibility that water-soluble ions in the salt rock and soil on the surface were carried gradually into the coal seams along with the groundwater infiltration, which leads to the formation of high-alkali coal, and the process is relatively complex. Affected by ion-exchange and precipitation, the combination forms and occurrence states of alkali metals, alkali earth metals, chlorine, sulfur and other elements in coal become more complex, but the water-soluble state is still the main form.