在实现“碳达峰与碳中和”目标的背景下，煤炭作为国家能源安全的基石，其绿色开发对我国经济建设和社会发展起到了至关重要的作用。然而，在煤矿开采及分选加工过程中，煤矸石作为煤炭主要伴生副产物，已成为我国急需处理的大宗固废之首。然而，目前煤矸石的综合利用率仍处于较低水平，尚未形成较为规范可行的研究体系。因此，针对煤矿开采与煤矸石堆积所造成的水、大气与土壤环境污染问题，通过煤矸石在生产能源、有价金属回收、建筑材料生产与其他方向的资源化利用的相关研究进展，结合煤矸石在防止重金属污染、土壤修复、防止水土流失等方面的应用，最后提出了煤矸石资源化利用未来的发展方向，根据整体进行规划与资源整合，不仅有大量用于常规目的的煤矸石资源化利用方向，同时还有用于生产高附加值产品的特殊用途，通过两者相结合，实现煤矸石的综合化和资源化利用，为其“减量化、资源化、循环化”发展提供借鉴。总之，煤矸石资源化利用是我国煤炭产业转型升级的重要方向，也是实现绿色可持续发展的必由之路。只有通过不懈的努力和持续的创新，才能更好地解决煤矸石堆积问题，推动煤矸石资源化利用向更加高效、环保、可持续的方向发展，为我国经济社会可持续发展做出更大的贡献。

Against the backdrop of achieving the goals of “peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality”, coal, as the cornerstone of national energy security, plays a crucial role in the green development of our country’s economic construction and social development. However, during the process of coal mining and washing, coal gangue, as the primary associated by-product of coal, has become the foremost bulk solid waste that urgently needs to be addressed in our country. Currently, the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue remains at a relatively low level, and a standardized and feasible research system has yet to be established. Therefore, addressing the water, atmospheric, and soil environmental pollution caused by coal mining and coal gangue accumulation, this paper summarizes the relevant research progress on the resource utilization of coal gangue in the production of energy, recovery of valuable metals, production of building materials, and other directions, and also discusses the application of coal gangue in preventing heavy metal pollution, soil remediation, and erosion control. Finally, it proposes the future development direction of coal gangue resource utilization, planning and integrating resources as a whole, not only for conventional purposes but also for the production of high-value-added products. By combining the two, comprehensive and resourceful utilization of coal gangue can be achieved, providing a reference for its “reduction, resource utilization, and recycling” development. In conclusion, the resource utilization of coal gangue is an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of China’s coal industry, and it is also the necessary path to achieve green and sustainable development. Only through unremitting efforts and continuous innovation can we better address the problem of coal gangue accumulation, promote the more efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development of coal gangue resource utilization, and make a greater contribution to the sustainable development of our country’s economy and society.