在“双碳”目标背景与当前技术条件下，“煤” “废” “碳”构成了煤炭的“不可能三角”，严重制约着煤炭行业的绿色低碳可持续发展。秉持“以废治废” “从哪里来到哪里去”的原则，着眼“煤”的减损化开采、“废”的功能化利用、“碳”的低碳化处置三维视角，探索“煤”“废”“碳”协同发展路径，为破解煤炭“不可能三角”和推动煤炭绿色低碳发展提供全方位解决方案。具体包括：① 阐明了“煤”的减损化开采科学内涵，明确了生态脆弱区含(隔)水层空间组合特征、采煤减损技术应用下的覆岩移动规律和覆岩采动损伤下的地表变形规律等减损化开采科学问题，提出了面间煤柱“掘−充−留”一体化、窄条带式充填开采和综采架后充填开采等减损化开采技术；② 阐明了“废”的功能化利用科学内涵，明确了固废功能化利用的科学问题，包括镁−煤基固废原材料改性方法与机理、多元固废协同作用机制、全固废充填材料性能调控理论3个方面，形成了以固废原材料改性、固废基胶凝材料研发、全固废充填材料制备为核心的固废功能化利用关键技术体系；③ 阐明了“碳”的低碳化处置科学内涵，提出了“碳”的低碳化处置科学实践框架和实施路径，厘清了在“碳”的低碳化处置过程中关于矿化材料制备、封存空间构筑、CO₂封存机理与调控、CO₂封存长期环境效应和储库稳定性等方面的科学问题，明确了碎胀空间CO₂封存、煤矿CO₂固碳充填等关键技术，形成了利用煤矿采空区实现CO₂低碳封存的新模式。立足煤炭绿色低碳可持续发展，协同推进“煤”的减损化开采、“废”的功能化利用与“碳”的低碳化处置，对推动煤炭行业“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。

Under the background of “dual-carbon” goal and current technological conditions, coal, waste and carbon constitute an impossible triangle in the coal industry which severely constrains its green, low-carbon, and sustainable development. Adhering to the principles of treating waste with waste and returning the waste to where it comes from, with a focus on the three-dimensional perspectives of damage reduction in coal mining, the functional utilization of mining waste, and low-carbon disposal of carbon in mining industry, this paper explores a synergistic development path for coal, waste and carbon. It provides a comprehensive solution to unravel the impossible triangle and promote the overall green, low-carbon development of coal industry. The specific contributions of this work include: ① Clarifying the scientific connotation of damage reduction in coal mining, the spatial combination characteristics of aquifers in the ecologically fragile areas, the movement patterns of overlying strata under the application of coal mining damage reduction techniques, and the surface deformation patterns resulting from overlying strata damage; proposing the original technologies of drilling-backfilling-retention for section pillar extraction, narrow strip mining with backfill, and backfilling behind fully-mechanized longwall face aiming to address the challenges posed by damage reduction mining; ② Interpreting the scientific connotation of functional utilization for mining waste; clarifying the scientific issues related to the modification methods and mechanisms of magnesium-coal-based solid waste material, the mechanisms of synergistic interactions among diverse solid wastes, and the properties control of total solid waste backfilling materials. These efforts have led to the establishment of a key technological system for the functional utilization of solid waste, with a core focus on the modification of solid waste raw materials, the development of solid waste-based cementitious materials, and the preparation of solid waste based backfilling materials; ③ Elucidating the scientific connotation of low-carbon disposal of carbon with a scientific practical framework and implementation pathway; clarifying some scientific issues related to mineralization material preparation, storage space construction, CO₂ storage and control mechanisms, the long-term environmental effects of CO₂ storage, and reservoir stability in the low-carbon disposal process of carbon. The scientific issues related to mineralization material preparation, seal space key technologies such as fractured space CO₂ storage and CO₂ sequestration through coal mine carbon solidification are explicitly defined which results in a new model for achieving a low-carbon CO₂ storage in coal mine goaf. Based on the green, low-carbon and sustainable development of coal industry, it is of great significance to collaboratively promote the damage reduction in coal mining, the functional utilization of mining waste, and the low-carbon disposal of carbon. This coordinated effort plays a crucial role in advancing the realization of the dual-carbon goal in the coal industry.