煤炭为人类社会工业化进程做出了重要贡献，为保障我国能源安全和经济平稳发展发挥了关键支撑作用。从19世纪中期开始，煤炭、煤油、煤气、煤电共生的煤基燃料逐步进入规模化使用时代。但是，传统的煤炭利用产生高碳排放，成为能源转型的重大难题。面向生态文明社会发展，煤炭清洁高效利用迫在眉睫，现代煤基能源技术创新势在必行。首次提出现代煤基能源技术体系定义及内涵，将其定义为基于煤炭原料的创新转化而生产具有低碳属性的煤基气、煤基油、煤基氢和煤基电等能源产品，并在矿区原位消纳二氧化碳，形成具有碳中和能力的清洁低碳能源生产系统，其技术内涵包括煤基气、煤基油、煤基氢、煤基电和矿区动态碳中和，共有5个技术模块、19个技术单元和61项关键技术。现代煤基能源技术体系在未来新型能源体系中将发挥“一主体三支撑一突破”的重要作用，即煤基电在我国电力保障中的“以煤稳电”主体作用，煤制油在我国油品安全的“以煤增油”支撑作用，煤基气对我国燃气安全的“以煤补气”支撑作用，煤基氢气对我国氢能发展的“以煤助氢”支撑作用，实现煤基能源动态碳中和技术的“以煤固碳”重大突破。当非化石能源与低碳化煤基能源之比保持在2.5～3.0，煤基能源及油气能源与风光水核能源可实现合理融合，组成具有强互补性、高可靠性、低碳排放的新质能源系统。研究预测，基于现代煤基能源技术实现重大突破和实际应用，2060年我国低碳化煤基能源产量可达10.2亿～14.6亿t标准煤，相当于全国能源需求量的18%～24%，二氧化碳排放量控制在5亿t以下，与目前基于“去煤化”的能源转型规划路径相比，煤炭在我国能源体系中的占比从10%提高到20%以上，二氧化碳排放量降低了50%。届时，现代煤基能源体系对我国能源安全保供和二氧化碳减排具有重大技术创新意义，助力我国走向能源自主独立强国。

Coal has made important contributions to the industrialization process of human society, and has played a key supporting role in ensuring China’s energy security and stable economic development. Since the mid-19th century, the coal-based fuel of coal, kerosene, gas and coal electricity has gradually entered the era of large-scale use. However, the traditional use of coal produces high carbon emissions, which has become a major problem in energy transition. Facing the development of ecological civilization society, the clean and efficient use of coal is imminent, and the innovation of modern coal-based energy technology is imperative. This paper proposes the definition and connotation of modern coal-based energy technology system, which is defined as the production of low-carbon energy products such as coal-based gas, coal-based oil, coal-based hydrogen and coal-based electricity, and the in-situ absorption of carbon dioxide in mining areas to form a clean and low-carbon energy production system with carbon neutrality. Its technical connotation includes coal-based gas, coal-based oil, coal-based hydrogen, coal-based electricity and dynamic carbon neutrality in mining areas, with a total of 5 technical modules, 19 technical units and 61 key technologies. The modern coal-based energy technology system will play an important role of “one main body, three supports and one breakthrough” in the future new energy system. Coal-based electricity provides the main body of electricity system stability. Coal-based oil supports the China’s oil safety. Coal-based gas supports the China’s gas safety. Coal-based hydrogen plays a supporting role in the development of hydrogen energy in China. The major breakthrough is the dynamic carbon neutral technology of coal-based energy. The paper supposes that when the ratio of non-fossil energy and low-carbon coal-based energy is maintained in the range of 2.5−3.0, coal-based energy, oil and gas and wind, water, nuclear energy can be reasonably integrated to form a new quality energy system with strong complementarity, high reliability and low carbon emissions. Based on the major breakthrough and practical application of modern coal-based energy technology, it is predicted that China’s low-carbon coal-based energy production will reach 1.02 billion −1.46 billion tons of standard coal equivalent (tce) in 2060, equivalent to 18%−24% of the national energy demand, and carbon dioxide emissions will be controlled below 500 million tons. Compared with the current energy transformation planning path based on “de coal” planning, the share of coal in our energy system can increase from 10% to more than 20%, and carbon dioxide emissions will reduce by 50%. At that time, the modern coal-based energy system has great technological innovation significance for China’s energy security and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and helps China to become a country with independent energy supply.