MILD燃烧是一种在中度或极度低氧环境下发生的温和燃烧模式，兼具高燃烧热利用率和极低NO_x排放的优势，国际燃烧领域认为它是拥有巨大应用潜力的清洁燃烧技术之一。自1990年左右开展相关研究以来，对于实现气体燃料的MILD燃烧的相关技术已相对成熟，而关于煤粉和生物质等固体燃料的MILD燃烧机制和实现条件的研究仍相对缺乏。基于高动量氧化剂射流来实现内部再循环，不再需要外部高温预热来建立MILD燃烧，极大拓宽了MILD燃烧的应用范围。从颗粒弥散、受热、着火、燃烧、污染物等方面概述了MILD粉体燃料燃烧的基础特性，由于颗粒的不均匀弥散和反应，煤粉等碳基固体燃料的MILD燃烧进程较气体燃料更复杂。高速射流MILD燃烧在增加点火延迟的同时也扩展了点火区和反应区，需要对燃烧各阶段的特征和机理开展系统研究。介绍了固体燃料MILD燃烧理论设计和装备研发领域所取得的研究成果，建议通过高精度数值模拟，改进现有燃煤锅炉燃烧器、调节工艺参数以匹配MILD燃烧模式，增加焦炭颗粒的停留时间以提高燃烬率，提高燃烧稳定性并抑制包括细颗粒物在内的各类污染物排放。基于互联能源系统的整体方法，推进MILD燃烧与各类新型燃烧技术的耦合研究，尤其加强煤粉、生物质与氢、氨等可燃气体共燃特性研究，助力能源转型。探究粉体MILD燃烧中的湍流两相流特征、湍流相间传热作用以及湍流−化学耦合作用是加深对粉体MILD燃烧理解的关键，涉及多变量分析和高精度模拟，是未来研究的重点和难点。

The MILD combustion is a combustion mode that occurs in a moderate or extremely low oxygen environment, combining the advantages of high combustion heat utilization and very low NO_x emissions, and is considered by the international combustion field to be one of the cleaner combustion technologies with great potential for application. Since the relevant research began around 1990, the technology for achieving a MILD combustion of gas fuels has been relatively mature, while the research on the MILD combustion mechanism and implementation conditions of solid fuels such as coal powder and biomass is still relatively lacking. Based on the high momentum oxidizer jet, internal recirculation is achieved, eliminating the need for external high-temperature preheating to establish MILD combustion, greatly expanding the application range of MILD combustion. This paper provides an overview of the basic characteristics of MILD powder fuel combustion from the aspects of particle dispersion, heating, ignition, combustion, and pollutants. Due to the uneven dispersion and reaction of particles, the MILD combustion process of carbon-based solid fuels such as coal powder is more complex than that of gas fuels. High speed jet MILD combustion not only increases ignition delay but also expands ignition and reaction zones, requiring systematic research on the characteristics and mechanisms of each combustion stage. This paper introduces the research achievements in the theoretical design and equipment development of solid fuel MILD combustion. It is recommended to improve the existing coal-fired boiler burner, adjust the process parameters to match the MILD combustion mode, increase the residence time of coke particles to improve combustion efficiency, improve combustion stability, and suppress various pollutant emissions, including fine particulate matter, through high-precision numerical simulation. Based on the overall approach of interconnected energy systems, the coupling research between MILD combustion and various new combustion technologies should be promoted, especially strengthening the research on the co-combustion characteristics of coal powder, biomass and hydrogen, ammonia and other combustible gases, and assisting in energy transformation. Exploring the characteristics of turbulent two-phase flow, turbulent interphase heat transfer, and turbulent chemical coupling in the powder MILD combustion is crucial for deepening the understanding of powder MILD combustion. It involves multivariate analysis and high-precision simulation, which will be the focus and difficulty of future research.