煤与瓦斯突出是一种以煤体变形能与瓦斯膨胀能共同驱动的煤岩动力灾害，尽管突出的综合作用假说已被广泛认可，相比于瓦斯膨胀能，煤体变形能在突出中的作用总被忽视。为了确定煤体变形能在突出中是否可以被忽略，对霍多特和郑哲敏的研究(突出能量领域的代表性成果)开展了系统回顾与讨论，认为霍多特提出的突出激发能量判据以煤体变形能为核心，而郑哲敏的数量级对比结果不能作为变形能可以被忽视的证据。大部分煤与瓦斯突出事故发生在构造煤层中，为揭示构造煤变形能在突出中的贡献，开展了煤体循环载荷实验与三轴破坏同步声发射监测实验，实验结果表明：与原生煤的线性、小变形特征不同，构造煤的加卸载曲线具有非线性、大变形的特征，构造煤的变形能与应力不再符合平方关系。基于土力学临界状态模型，构建了适用于构造煤非线性特征的变形能理论计算模型，该模型反映了煤体变形能与应力间的幂函数关系，确定了构造煤的幂指数主要为1.1～1.3，原生煤的幂指数主要为1.7～1.9，进一步表明构造煤的性质与土体更相似，而原生煤的性质更接近理想弹性体。尽管在相同应力水平下，构造煤的变形能更大，但构造煤在失稳后的对外释放能量很低，表现为损伤破碎时几乎不产生声发射信号。构造煤变形能的对外释放能量增加了煤体孔隙率，对内耗散能量为瓦斯快速解吸提供条件，2者综合控制了瓦斯膨胀能的释放。瓦斯膨胀能的研究对象应为参与突出做功的瓦斯，即突出煤体在短时间内的释放瓦斯，进一步的实验与数值分析结果表明，参与突出做功的瓦斯膨胀能与构造煤体变形能数量级相近，为10²～10³ kJ/t。煤体变形能与瓦斯膨胀能的释放存在时序性与因果性，在突出孕育–激发阶段，煤体变形能的预先释放是瓦斯膨胀能聚集的必要条件。突出由煤体变形能与瓦斯膨胀能共同控制，煤体变形能与瓦斯膨胀能在突出中具有同等重要的地位。

Coal and gas outburst is an underground dynamic disaster driven by coal deformation energy and gas expansion energy. Although the comprehensive effect hypothesis of outbursts has been widely recognized, the role of coal deformation energy in outbursts has often been underestimated compared to that of gas expansion energy. To determine whether coal deformation energy can be neglected in outbursts, a systematic review and discussion on the work by Hodot and Zheng (representative achievements in the field of outburst energy) was conducted. It was found that Hodot’s energy criterion for outburst triggering is based on coal deformation energy, and Zheng’s magnitude comparison results cannot be considered as evidence for neglecting coal deformation energy. Most coal and gas outburst accidents occur in tectonic coal seams. In order to reveal the specific contribution of the tectonic coal’s deformation energy in outbursts, various cyclic loading tests on coal samples and triaxial failure tests with synchronized acoustic emission monitoring were conducted. The experimental results showed that unlike the linear and small deformation characteristics of intact coal, the stress-strain curve of tectonic coal exhibited a nonlinear and large deformation behavior. The relationship between coal deformation energy and stress no longer followed a square law. Based on the critical state model in soil mechanics, a theoretical calculation model of deformation energy suitable for the tectonic coal with nonlinear characteristics was developed. This model reflected the power function relationship between coal deformation energy and stress. It was determined that the power exponent of tectonic coal was mainly between 1.1 and 1.3, while the power exponent of intact coal was mainly between 1.7 and 1.9. This further indicated that the properties of tectonic coal were more similar to soil, while the properties of intact coal were closer to those of ideal elastic material. Although tectonic coal exhibited greater deformation energy under the same stress, it released very little external energy after instability, as evidenced by the absence of significant acoustic emission during the process of damage and fragmentation. The release of deformation energy in tectonic coal increased the coal porosity, provided conditions for rapid desorption of gas, and controlled the release of gas expansion energy. The study of gas expansion energy should focus on the gas performing work during outbursts, which refers to the gas released from the coal fragments in a short period of time. Further experimental and numerical analysis results showed that the gas expansion energy involved in outbursts was comparable in magnitude to the deformation energy of tectonic coal, ranging from 10² to 10³ kJ/t. The release of coal deformation energy and gas expansion energy exhibited temporal and causal relationships. During the preparation and triggering stages of outbursts, the pre-release of coal deformation energy was a necessary condition for the accumulation of gas expansion energy. Outbursts are controlled by both coal deformation energy and gas expansion energy, and they have equal importance in the outburst process.