煤体内孔隙和骨架分布对煤储层内气体运移及瓦斯动力灾害的发生具有重要的影响。为进一步探索含瓦斯煤体微观破坏机理，针对含瓦斯煤的微观破坏过程，对其微破坏形式展开详细的研究。采用原子力显微镜对加载前后突出煤样和非突出煤样表面进行了原位测试，结果表明：不同煤样受载后，煤样表面结构均会发生变化，闭孔孔径有所减小，部分孔隙遭到破坏，相邻闭孔之间有连通趋势。加载前煤样孔隙呈无规律分布，加载后孔隙连通性增强，开孔孔喉数量有所增加。煤样加载后由于孔隙的连通导致突出煤样煤骨架模量降低，而非突出煤样由于本身强度较高，施加载荷导致煤体内部结构被压实，弹性模量略有增加。定义了煤体微观破坏类型及概念，分析了煤体孔隙及煤骨架周边应力分布特征，揭示了不同情况下含瓦斯煤体微观破坏机制。同时，对闭孔微气爆的影响因素展开讨论，狭长型椭圆孔端部孔壁处所受应力更大，更容易发生闭孔微气爆。描述了开孔微损伤的2种发生形式，揭示了孔隙“瓶颈效应”的制约对微破坏发生的机理。明确了原生缺陷结构为煤骨架的薄弱环节，并对其发生破裂的演化规律进行分析。基于线弹性断裂力学、弹塑性力学以及渗流力学等理论知识，提出了应力扰动作用下孔隙破坏和煤体失稳判识准则，总结了含瓦斯煤体微观破坏特征及其诱导煤与瓦斯突出的机制，并对煤与瓦斯突出的研究方向提出展望。

The distribution of pores and skeletons within coal reservoirs significantly affects the migration of gases and the occurrence of gas dynamic disasters. To further explore the micro-damage mechanisms in gas-containing coal, a detailed study of the micro-damage process in gas-containing coal was conducted. Atomic force microscopy was employed to conduct in-situ tests on the surfaces of protruding and non-protruding coal samples before and after loading. The results indicate that the surface structure of the coal samples changes after loading, with a reduction in closed pore diameter, damage to some pores, and a tendency for connectivity between adjacent closed pores. Before loading, the pores in coal samples exhibit irregular distribution, while after loading, pore connectivity increases, and the number of open pore throats slightly increases. Loading leads to a reduction in the modulus of coal skeleton in protruding coal samples due to pore connectivity, while non-protruding coal samples experience internal structure compaction, resulting in a slight increase in elastic modulus due to their higher strength. Micro-damage types and concepts in coal were defined, and the stress distribution characteristics around coal pores and the coal skeleton were analyzed, revealing the micro-damage mechanisms in gas-containing coal under different conditions. Simultaneously, the factors influencing the closed-cell micro-gas explosion were discussed. The stress at the end of a slender elliptical hole is greater along the hole wall, making it more susceptible to closed-cell micro-gas explosions. Two forms of occurrence of open-pore micro-damage were described, revealing the constraining effect of the "bottleneck effect" on micro-damage. Inherent fractures were identified as the weak link in the coal skeleton, and the evolution of their rupture was analyzed. Utilizing theories such as linear elastic fracture mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics, and permeation mechanics, criteria for detecting pore damage and coal instability under stress disturbances were established. The micro-damage characteristics of gas-containing coal and the mechanisms inducing coal and gas outbursts were summarized, and the research direction of coal and gas outburst was prospected.