School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China

实现“双碳”目标,需要煤电发挥兜底保供、系统调节的“压舱石”作用,机组的发电效率日渐引起关注。过去中国采取“三公”调度模式,部分高耗能、高污染机组被低效利用,导致了行业内资源错配现象的发生。新一轮电力市场化改革后,煤电行业逐渐转向经济调度。为评估改革效应,以南网五省为例,从资源错配角度出发,运用以成本最小化为目标的优化模型和双向固定效应回归展开研究,主要结论有:①省内经济调度可使供电成本和供电煤耗分别降低2.99%~6.41%和3.13%~6.85%。②网内经济调度可节约的发电成本由2011年的30.13亿元(4.09%)增至2018年的68.68亿元(8.42%)。③电力市场化改革减少了9.9%~10.3%的错配。研究结论为深化电力市场化改革相关政策提供了科学依据。

To achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, coal-fired power need to play a “ballast stone” role in ensuring electricity supplyand system regulation. The power generation efficiency of the units has become a core issue. For a long time in the past, China’s coal-firedpower units followed the equal dispatch, and some high energy-consuming and high pollution units were inefficient utilized, leading to acertain degree of misallocation in the industry. With the development of electricity marketization reform, the coal-fired power industry isgradually shifting from equal dispatch to economic dispatch. To evaluate the policy effects of electricity marketization reform, this article takesthe five provinces in the Southern Power Grid as an example and conducts quantitative research using an optimization model and individual-time fixed effects regression from the perspective of misallocation. The main conclusions of the article are as follows: (1) Implementingeconomic dispatch within the province can reduce power supply costs by 2. 99%~6. 41%, and power coal consumption by 3. 13%~6. 85%. (2) Ifwe consider the economic dispatch mode within the grid, the economic dispatch savings will increase from 3. 013 billion yuan (4. 09%) in 2011 to6. 868 billion yuan (8. 42%) in 2018. (3) The electricity marketization reform has reduced the misallocation degree in the five provinces by 9. 9%~10. 3%. The conclusion provides a scientific basis for deepening the relevant policies of electricity marketization reform.

国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274198)