水热液化技术作为一种可开发利用前景广阔的生物质热化学法,目前中国对于水热液化技术碳减排潜力研究仍属于空白状态。为减少温室气体排放和能源消耗,将常规水热液化技术与光伏技术结合,利用可再生能源电力替代水热液化系统运行过程中的电力消耗,同时生产的生物炭利用土壤固碳技术还田土壤,实现负碳排放。研究了中国30个省份部署光伏水热液化厂的温室气体排放、能源消耗和碳减排潜力,建立中国多地区混合生命周期评价模型,将投入产出生命周期与IPCC因子方法结合计算温室气体排放和能源消耗。首先对河南省为示范省的光伏水热液化厂进行生命周期温室气体排放和能源消耗评估。建造过程中,光伏水热液化厂的CO2排放量为128.76t(CO2-eq),能源消耗总量为48371.07kg(标准煤)。使用建立的混合生命周期评价可在投入产出的经济背景下获得每个省份和该省份下经济部门的能源消耗和温室气体排放影响。从空间视角看,河南省影响最显著;此外,化学产品部门是最大的隐含温室气体排放和能源消耗部门。结合情景分析不同比例生物炭还田土壤的减碳效力,结果表明将河南省一个光伏水热液化厂生产的生物炭全部还田土壤将减少CO2排放量1686.53t。分析41~200km运输距离产生的温室气体排放影响,结合生物炭固碳技术,结果表明即使在秸秆匮乏地区通过扩大收集半径收集足够的秸秆产量,建造光伏水热液化厂,将生产的全部生物炭还田将减少CO2排放量1603.91t。光伏水热液化技术具有大规模部署潜力,假设将各省秸秆最大化使用到光伏水热液化技术中,生产生物油、生物气替代化石燃料使用将减少CO2排放量213.2Mt/a,生产的生物炭全部固定土壤中,累计减少CO2排放量114.14Mt/a。因此,中国30个省份部署光伏水热液化技术对实现国家温室气体减排目标具有重要影响。

Hydrothermal liquefaction technology, as a biomass thermo-chemical method with broad prospects for development and utilization, is still in a blank state of research on the carbon emission reduction potential of hydrothermal liquefaction technology in China. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, conventional hydrothermal liquefaction technology is combined with photovoltaic technology to use renewable energy electricity to replace the electricity consumption during the operation of the hydrothermal liquefaction system, and utilize the biochar produced to return to the soil by using soil carbon sequestration technology, achieving negative carbon emissions. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy consumption and carbon reduction potential of deploying photovoltaic(PV) hydrothermal liquefaction ( HRL) plants in 30 provinces in China were studied, and a multi - region hybrid life cycle assessment model in China was established. The input-output life cycle was combined with the IPCC factorization approach to calculate GHGemissions and energy consumption. Firstly, the life cycle GHG emissions and energy consumption of the PV hydrothermal liquefactionplant in Henan Province as a demonstration province were assessed. The carbon dioxide emissions of the PV hydrothermal liquefactionplant are 128.76 t(CO2-eq) and the total energy consumption was 48 371.01 kg (standard coal)during its construction. The energy consumption and GHG emission impacts of each province and its economic sector can be obtained in an input-output economic context byusing the established hybrid LCA. Henan Province has the most significant impact from a spatial perspective. Furthermore, the chemicalproducts sector is the largest sector for implied GHG emitting and energy consuming. The carbon reduction efficacy of different proportionsof biochar returned to the soil were analyzed base on scenarios. The results show that the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by1 686.53 t by returning all the biochar produced by a photovoltaic hydrothermal liquefaction plant in Henan Province to the soil. Combining biochar carbon sequestration technology, the impact of GHG emissions from transportation distances of 41-200 km in conjunction wasanalyzed. The results show that even if sufficient straw yield is collected by expanding the collection radius in straw-poor areas, the construction of a photovoltaic hydro-thermal liquefaction plant will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1 603.91 t when all the biochar produced is returned to the field. Photovoltaic hydrothermal liquefaction (PVHL) technology has the potential for large-scale deployment. Soassuming that straw from all provinces is maximized for use in PVHL, the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 213.2 Mt/ a by theproduction of bio-oil and bio-gas to replace the use of fossil fuels, and the production of bio-char will all be immobilized in the soil,which will result in a cumulative reduction of 114.14 Mt/ a. Therefore, the deployment of PV hydrothermal liquefaction technology in 30provinces in China could have a significant impact on achieving national GHG reduction targets.

0 引言

1 试验

   1.1 混合生命周期评价方法建立

   1.2 光伏-水热液化系统及产物处理

   1.3 光伏水热液化多联产系统的能源消耗计算

   1.4 光伏水热液化多联产系统的混合生命周期模型的构建

2 数据资料

   2.1 边界划分

   2.2 投入产出数据来源

   2.3 水热液化厂生产数据

3 结果与讨论

   3.1 光伏水热液化厂全生命周期过程中温室气体排放和能源消耗贡献

   3.2 CO2与能源消耗的空间分布

4 情景分析

   4.1 生物炭还田

   4.2 运输距离

5 光伏水热液化多联产系统在全国范围内部署的可行性

6 结论