随着全球气候变化的日益加剧以及能源与环境问题的突出,碳中和成为各国追求可持续发展的重要目标。而作为碳排放的主要来源之一,有机固废的资源化清洁利用技术成为了当前研究的热点。通过清洁利用技术可以实现其高效转化和综合利用,为碳中和社会的建设做出积极贡献。在此背景下,综述了有机固废热转化清洁利用技术的研究进展,包括农林生物质能源利用、市政污泥处理处置及生活垃圾清洁利用技术等方面,总结燃烧、热解、气化、水热4种热化学转化技术的国内外研究进展与应用现状,重点阐述了生物质、生活垃圾焚烧发电和热解气化多联产技术以及污泥协同焚烧、热解碳化等工艺。通过深入分析有机固废处理处置的研究应用现状,探讨可行的高值化资源化转化利用技术,提出有机固废热转化的发展方向。进一步梳理了我国有机固废处理处置相关政策文件,总结了有机固废热转化利用过程中环境减排效益,提出了我国有机固废热转化商业模式建议,旨在为推动我国城乡有机固废无害化、高值化、资源化清洁利用和工业应用提供参考。

With the escalation of worldwide climate change and the pressing issues surrounding energy and the environment, achieving carbon neutrality has emerged as a crucial objective for nations striving for sustainable development. Intensifying research efforts have centeredon the resource-based clean utilization technology of organic solid waste, recognized as a current focal point in research. Through the application of heat treatment conversion technology, it is possible to achieve efficient conversion and comprehensive utilization of organic solid waste, making significant contributions to the establishment of a carbon-neutral society. In this context, this article reviews the researchprogress of thermochemical conversion of organic solid waste, including the utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass for energy, municipal sludge treatment and disposal, as well as the clean utilization technology for municipal solid waste and summarized the domesticand foreign research progress and application status of combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal thermochemical conversiontechnology. The technologies of biomass and municipal solid waste incineration for power generation, integrated pyrolysis gasificationfor multiple products, co-incineration, and pyrolysis carbonization of sludge were mainly discussed. Through the in-depth analysis ofthe current research and application status of organic solid waste treatment and disposal, feasible high-value resource utilization technologies were discussed, and the development direction of organic solid waste heat conversion was proposed. Furthermore, relevant policy documents on the treatment and disposal of organic solid waste in China were outlined, and the environmental emission reduction benefits oforganic solid waste heat conversion utilization were summarized. Suggestions for commercial models of organic solid waste heat conversionin China were proposed, aiming to provide a reference for promoting the harmless, high-value, resourceful clean utilization and industrialapplication of organic solid waste in urban and rural areas in China.

0 引言

1 农林生物质热转化利用技术

   1.1 农林生物质燃烧发电技术

   1.2 农林生物质气化联产技术

   1.3 农林生物质热解技术

   1.4 农林生物质水热液化技术

2 生活垃圾清洁利用技术

   2.1 国内外垃圾焚烧发电状况

   2.2 生活垃圾热解气化技术

   2.3 生活垃圾热转化新技术

3 市政污泥热处理技术

   3.1 市政污泥干化技术

   3.2 市政污泥焚烧发电技术

   3.3 市政污泥热解碳化技术

   3.4 市政污泥水热碳化技术

   3.5 市政污泥气化技术

4 有机固废热转化利用可持续发展评价

   4.1 我国有机固废处理处置相关政策

   4.2 有机固废热转化利用环境减排效益分析

   4.3 有机固废热转化商业模式建议

5 结语及展望