“双碳”(碳达峰、碳中和)战略背景下，碳捕集、利用与封存技术(CCUS)是实现化石能源大规模低碳化利用的关键技术之一。近年，CCUS技术呈现出规模化和集群化发展趋势，而科学、合理的源汇匹配是CCUS集群部署工程选址的重要依据，能够建立高效CO₂输运管网、降低减排成本。宁夏是国家能源安全战略布局的重要保障基地，能源结构偏煤、工业结构偏重特征明显，面临着巨大的碳减排压力。针对宁夏CCUS集群部署的源汇匹配问题，调研评估了宁夏工业碳排放源特征和地质碳汇潜力，构建了CCUS源汇匹配模型，在充分考虑源汇性质、捕集−输运−封存成本、CO₂运输距离、区域地理条件、土地利用类型、人口密度等因素基础上，应用改进的节约里程法和基于地理信息系统(GIS)的最低成本路径优化法，结合ArcGIS平台和优化求解软件，获得了宁夏CCUS源汇匹配优化和应用方案，并提出宁夏CCUS集群部署建议。结果表明，截止2021年，宁夏工业碳排放源107个，碳排放总量2.26亿t/a，以化工(含自备电厂)和电力行业碳排放为主。宁夏主要封存地质体包括深部咸水层、深部不可开采煤层和油气藏，CO₂理论地质封存容量151.55亿t，以深部咸水层封存潜力最大。宁夏CCUS源汇匹配效果较好，在源汇直接相连的情况下，区内年排放量10万t以上的大型工业排放源CCUS集群部署(30 a规划期)总成本约2.45万亿元，并以捕集成本为主，占比83.65%，单位减排成本402.32元/t，共需建设CO₂运输管道2 459 km；改进的节约里程法和基于GIS的最低成本路径优化法可大幅降低CCUS集群部署成本，优化后CCUS单位减排成本降至381.76元/t，节约管道建设里程938 km。宁夏应聚焦电力、化工等“两高”(高耗能、高排放)行业，在以宁东能源化工基地为重点的北部、东部地区超前应用CCUS技术，打造宁东能源化工基地、银川—吴忠、石嘴山、中卫和固原5个CCUS特色集群，构建宁夏特色的工程化CCUS全流程技术模式。

In the context of the “dual carbon” (carbon peak and carbon neutrality) strategy, the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies for achieving large-scale low-carbon utilization of fossil energy. In recent years, the CCUS has shown a trend of scaling and clustering development. The scientific and reasonable source-sink matching for the CCUS is an important basis for the site selection of the CCUS cluster deployment projects, and can establish some efficient pipe networks and reduce the emission reduction costs of CCUS. Ningxia is an important guarantee base for the strategic layout of national energy security, facing an enormous pressure of CO₂ emission reduction due to its obvious characteristics of coal-oriented energy structure and industrial structure. In view of the source-sink matching problem of CCUS cluster deployment in Ningxia, the characteristics of industrial carbon emission sources and geological carbon sink potential in Ningxia were investigated and evaluated, and the CCSU source-sink matching model was constructed. Then, based on a full consideration of source and sink properties, costs of capture, transport, and storage, transportation distance. regional geographical conditions, land use types, population density, etc. the source-sink matching optimization and application scheme in Ningxia were obtained using the improved mileage saving method and the lowest cost path optimization method based on GIS (geographic information system), combining ArcGIS platform and optimization solution software. Finally, the suggestions for the CCUS cluster deployment in Ningxia were presented. The results show that as of 2021, Ningxia has 107 industrial carbon emission sources, with a total carbon emission of 226 million tonnes per year, mainly from the chemical industry (including self-owned power plants) and the power industry. The main geological bodies for storage in Ningxia include deep saltwater layers, deep non-exploitable coal seams, and oil and gas reservoirs. The theoretical geological storage capacity of CO₂ is 15.155 billion tonnes, with the deep saltwater layer having the greatest storage potential. The CCUS source-sink matching in Ningxia is well. In the case of direct connection of sources and sinks, the total cost of CCUS cluster deployment (30 years planning period) of large industrial carbon emission source with annual emission of over 100 000 tonnes in Ningxia is about 2.45 trillion yuan, mainly from capture costs, which accounting for 83.65%. The unit emission reduction cost of CCUS is 402.32 yuan/t, and a total of 2 459 km of CO₂ transportation pipelines need to be constructed. The improved mileage saving method and the lowest cost path optimization method based on GIS can significantly reduce the total cost of CCUS cluster deployment after optimization, the unit emission reduction cost of CCUS is reduced to 381.76 yuan/t, and the pipeline construction mileage reduced by 938 km. Ningxia should focus on its “two high” (high energy consumption, high emissions) industries, such as power industry and chemical industry. The application of CCUS technology in the northern and eastern regions, should be in advance to create five characteristic CCUS clusters, including Ningdong energy chemical industry base, Yinchuan-Wuzhong, Shizuishan, Zhongwei, and Guyuan. Then, the engineered full flowsheet technology of CCUS technology model is established with Ningxia’s characteristics.