为应对长期以来矿业开采导致的环境问题，绿色矿山理念及配套政策逐步发展。碳达峰碳中和目标导向下，绿色矿山倡导低碳化生产、生态开采等新的发展要求。为探究新时期绿色矿山建设在节能减排目标下的重要方向和关键问题，助力碳中和目标与绿色矿山建设的协同发展，该研究以绿色矿山、碳源/汇与减排增汇为关键词开展文献计量分析，总结“双碳”目标下绿色矿山建设内涵与要求，分析绿色矿山建设背景下碳源/汇与减排增汇研究进展，梳理矿区碳源与碳汇核算方法，探究绿色矿山减排增汇策略。得出：绿色矿山在理论与应用方面均具有较为丰富的研究及实践成果，具有良好基础以面对新的发展挑战；绿色矿山现存管理方案与考评体系成果完整，整体偏定性和基础推荐性要求；矿山碳足迹核算中，基于生命周期理念、采用排放因子法的核算模式已较为成熟，但在生命周期划分与核算因子选取过程中仍需慎重，注意加强因子的本地化选取；针对减排增汇目标，绿色矿山在策略上需重视能源与技术视角。在“双碳”目标下，当前绿色矿山相关验收标准在减排方面的关注度有待增强，指标体系的定量化程度与执行力有待提高；煤炭矿山的碳足迹核算与减排潜力分析是未来绿色矿山研究的重点之一；矿山减排研究中，由复垦产生的碳源与碳汇核算及矿山全生命周期的减排方案设计需得到更多关注。

In response to the long-standing environmental problems caused by mining, some green mining concepts and policies have been gradually developed. Nowadays, under the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, green mining is facing some new requirements such as low carbon production and ecological mining. It is necessary to explore the critical directions and key issues of green mining in the new era under the goal of energy saving and emission reduction, and to help the synergistic development of carbon neutrality and green mining. Taking green mining, carbon sources/sinks, emission reduction and sink enhancement as key focuses, through literature review and inductive analysis, the connotation and requirements of green mining under the “dual carbon” goal were summarized, and the research progress on carbon sources/sinks and emission reduction and sink enhancement under the background of green mining was analyzed, the research techniques related to carbon source and carbon sink accounting in mining areas were reviewed, and the strategies for the reduction of emission and increase of sink in green mining were explored. Green mining research has achieved abundant theoretical and practical results, and has a good foundation to face new development challenges. The existing management programs and assessment systems of green mining is complete, while the overall system is qualitative with basic recommended requirements. The method of accounting for the carbon footprint of mines based on the life cycle concept and the IPCC method is relatively mature, but some cautions are still needed in the process of life cycle division and accounting factor selection. Green mining should focus on energy and technology aspects to achieve the goal of emission reduction and sink enhancement. Under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the attention of green mining related acceptance standards in energy saving and emission reduction needs to be enhanced, and the degree of quantification and enforceability of the index systems needs to be improved. The coal industry is crucial to both the carbon neutrality target and the green mining development, and needs to strengthen the carbon footprint accounting and emission reduction potential analysis of coal mines. In the study of mine emission reduction, more attention needs to be paid to the analysis of carbon source and carbon sink accounting generated by the reclamation and the scheme design for emission reduction in the whole life cycle of the mine.