针对煤矿粉尘污染严重问题，研究了煤层OAPB自转向酸液均匀布酸，从而提高煤体含水率，借助黏度、荷电性、官能团等方法研究了不同阴阳离子表面活性剂对自转向酸液增黏、润湿性能的影响规律，探究了性能变化的内部原因，并根据测试结果进行了优选。结果表明：阳离子表面活性剂会直接导致自转向酸液破胶，阴离子表面活性剂的添加使自转向酸液黏度增加；SSA/SDBS润湿性能较好，表面张力最低为24.12 mN/m；SSA/SDBS-16表面张力值总体较高，自身润湿性能差，对煤体的吸附性能也较弱；通过红外实验发现在SSA/SDBS作用下OAPB分子更倾向于形成氢键，并通过三轴渗流实验验证了自转向酸液的渗流效果。

Aiming at the serious problem of dust pollution in coal mines, the OAPB automatic diverting acid solution of coal seams was studied to uniformly distribute acid, so as to improve the water content of coal bodies. In order to achieve better results in coal mines, this paper studied the effects of different anionic and cationic surfactants on the viscosity and wettability of self-diverting acid using methods such as viscosity, chargeability, and functional groups, explored the internal causes of performance changes, and optimized based on the test results. The results show that cationic surfactants can directly cause gel breaking of self-diverting acid, and the addition of anionic surfactants can increase the viscosity of self-diverting acid. SSA/SDBS has good wettability, with a minimum surface tension of 24.12 mN/m; SSA/SDBS-16 has an overall higher surface tension value, poor self-wetting performance, and weaker adsorption performance on the coal bodies. Through infrared experiments, it was found that OAPB molecules tended to form hydrogen bonds under the action of SSA/SDBS, and the percolation effect of self-diverting acid solution was verified through triaxial percolation experiments.