针对煤柱内部微裂纹萌生、变形破坏等潜在安全隐患，利用布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)分布式光纤传感技术进行煤柱水平变形监测。首先，根据煤柱破坏碎胀特性理论分析，建立了光纤轴向应变与水平变形的转化方法；其次开展室内试验确定了金属基索状传感光纤轴向拉伸响应情况，并根据煤柱变形破坏规律修正了应变系数，最后以陕西大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井为工程背景，对22206工作面区段煤柱水平变形实现现场监测。监测结果表明：区段煤柱采动侧和未采动侧存在明显的水平变形差异，采动侧变形量最大，约为未采动侧的5倍，但煤柱整体水平变形较小，仅出现弹性变形，煤柱较稳定；煤柱变形分区明显，呈现中部为弹性核区，两侧为塑性破坏区的分区特征；工作面从测点前20 m推进至测点后40 m时，煤柱水平应变呈指数增长，远离测点之后变形趋于稳定，反映煤柱变形与采动应力扰动之间的动态关联；通过分析煤柱水平应变与垂直应力，发现两者呈指数相关关系，定量建立了煤柱水平应变与垂直应力关系式，说明煤柱变形与破坏很大程度上取决于采动应力的分布与演化。利用BOTDR技术对区段煤柱内部变形进行监测可以精确获取区段煤柱内部的微观变形信息，对于煤柱留设尺寸确定、围岩控制及采空区压力评估等具有重要指导意义。

To address potential safety hazards like microcrack initiation, deformation, and failure inside coal pillars, this study monitored the horizontal deformations of coal pillars using the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR)—a distributed optical fiber sensing technology. Firstly, this study established a method for converting the axial strain of optical fibers into horizontal deformations based on a theoretical analysis of the failure and bulking characteristics of coal pillars. Secondly, it determined the axial tensile response of metal-based cord-shaped sensing optical fibers by conducting laboratory tests. Then, it corrected the strain coefficient based on the deformation and failure patterns of coal pillars. Finally, against the engineering background of the Huojitu well of the Daliuta coal mine in Shaanxi Province, this study implemented on-site monitoring of the horizontal deformations of section coal pillars in mining face 22206. The key results are as follows: (1) Significant differences in horizontal deformations were observed between the mining and non-mining sides of section coal pillars. Specifically, the mining sides exhibited the largest horizontal deformation, about five times that of the non-mining sides. However, coal pillars manifested minor overall horizontal deformation characterized by only elastic deformation, suggesting relatively stable coal pillars. (2) Coal pillars displayed significant deformation zones, presenting an elastic core zone in the central part but plastic failure zones on both sides. (3) As the mining face advances from 20 m in front of the measurement ponit to 40 m behind the messurement point, the horizontal strain of coal pillars increased exponentially, and after moving away from survey points, the deformations tended to stabilize, reflecting a dynamic link between coal pillar deformations and mining-induced stress disturbance. (4) A analysis on the horizontal strain and vertical stress of coal pillars revealed an exponential relationship between both, forming a quantitative relationship between both. The result indicates that the deformations and failure of coal pillars largely depend on the distribution and evolution of mining-induced stress. Overall, the BOTDR-based monitoring of the deformations inside section coal pillars can yield accurate information on microdeformations inside section coal pillars, serving as an important guide for determining coal pillar sizes, controlling surrounding rocks, and evaluating pressure in goaves.