• 论文
    高级检索
主办单位：煤炭科学研究总院有限公司、中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会
首页 > 论文库
Organic petrographic and mineralogical composition of the No. 6 coal seam of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa: Insights into paleovegetation and depositional environment
  • 53
  • 1
  • 作者

    Sanki BiswasNicola J. WagnerOfentse M. Moroeng

  • 单位

    DSI-NRF CIMERA/PPM Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg

  • 摘要

    This study investigates the paleodepositional conditions of the No. 6 Seam of the Madzaringwe Formation in Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield (Limpopo Province, South Africa) utilizing organic petrography and inorganic geochemical proxies. The coals are predominantly high-volatile bituminous B-A rank with high ash yields (avg. 36.1 wt%), characterized by high-vitrinite (~ 41.5 vol%), moderate-to-high inertinite (9.8 vol%–33.7 vol%) and low liptinite (~ 2.3 vol%). The distribution of inertinite varies among different coal horizons (from bottom-lower to middle-upper), suggesting differential oxidation conditions and/or paleofire occurrence. Vitrinite-to-inertinite (V/I) ratio, tissue preservation–gelification index (TPI–GI), and groundwater–vegetation index (GWI–VI) plots, indicate that the peat-forming forest-swamp vegetation accumulated under mesotrophic-to-rheotrophic hydrological conditions. The presence of structured macerals (i.e., telinite, collotelinite, fusinite, and semifusinite) suggests well-preserved plant tissues, whereas framboidal pyrite and sulphur content (0.24 wt%–2.16 wt%) point to brackish-water influence at the peat stage. The coals contain quartz, kaolinite, siderite, muscovite, dolomite, calcite, and pyrite minerals, most of which were likely sourced from felsic igneous rocks. The Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) and (Fe+Mn)/Ti ratios for the studied samples range between 0.24–0.97 and 0.57–70.10, respectively. The ratios, Al–Fe–Mn plot, and presence of massive botryoidal-type pyrite imply some influence of meteoric waters or fluids from hydrothermal activity post-deposition. Moreover, the chemical index of alteration (CIA: 98.25–99.67), chemical index of weathering (CIW: 92.04–97.66), and A–CN–K ternary diagram suggest inorganic matter suffered strong chemical weathering, indicating warm paleoclimatic conditions during the coal formation.

  • 关键词

    MaceralsCoal faciesGeochemical-indicesHydrothermalMadzaringwe formationSoutpansberg Coalfield

  • DOI
    10.1007/s40789-024-00698-6
  • 引用格式
    Biswas, S., Wagner, N.J. & Moroeng, O.M. Organic petrographic and mineralogical composition of the No. 6 coal seam of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa: Insights into paleovegetation and depositional environment.Int J Coal Sci Technol 11, 41 (2024).
  • 图表
    Geological map of the Makhado and Voorburg south coal area (marked with a red square) of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa (after Hancox and Gotz 2014)
    Generalized stratigraphy of the Soutpansberg Coalfield (after Sparrow 2012)
    Photomicrographs a-g of various macerals identified under reflected white light; h Corresponds to g under fluorescent light. Ct = collotelinite; Tel = telinite; Corp = corpogelinite; Cdt = collodetrinite; Fus = fusinite; Smf = semi
    Photomicrographs of different forms of pyrite under petrographic study under reflected white light, a Infilling cell and pore structures; bSubhedral to euhedral pyrite crystals; c Massive pyrite; d: Pyrite infilling cracks i
    XRD spectra of the studied coal from the Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield. The peaks in the spectra are compared with those in the standard substance plot (PDF card). The heights and positions of the peaks indicate the type
    SEM images of different types of pyrite: a= Pyrite infilling cracks; b= Framboidal pyrite; c = Cell and pore infilling pyrite that grade into massive pyrite; and d = Framboidal pyrite with concentric ring overgrowth and mass
    GI-TPI plot shows the peat depositional environment for the studied coal of Makhado and Voorburg coal area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa (after Diessel 1986)
    GWI versus VI plot shows relative changes in hydrological conditions for the studied samples (after Calder et al. 1991)
    Ternary diagram showing peat-forming environments (after Mukhopadhyay 1986)
    Ternary Al–Mn–Fe diagram showing hydrothermal activity based on elemental composition (following Adachi et al. 1986)
    The A–CN–K triangular diagram showing CIA (chemical index of alteration) of studied coal (Nesbitt and Young1982)

    Table 1
    Table 1 The results of proximate, calorific value and total sulphur of the studied coal from the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa on ash dry basis (from Mphaphuli 2017)

    Area

    Borehole No.

    Seam part

    Sample ID

    Ash yield (wt%)

    MC (wt%)

    VM (wt%)

    FC (wt%)

    GCV (MJ/kg)

    TS (wt%)

    Voorburg south

    R637004

    MU

    15136

    27.71

    0.62

    26.14

    45.52

    23.27

    1.57

      

    BU

    15137

    24.75

    0.59

    21.88

    52.78

    22.83

    0.54

      

    BL

    15138

    47.34

    0.52

    15.18

    36.96

    15.69

    0.24

    Makhado

    T190BS03

    BU

    15139

    49.54

    0.56

    16.31

    33.59

    14.66

    0.49

      

    BL

    15140

    25.75

    0.68

    20.22

    53.35

    24.26

    0.73

     

    T07BS

    MU

    15141

    18.00

    0.80

    24.81

    56.38

    30.20

    1.23

      

    BL

    15142

    58.11

    0.98

    15.69

    25.22

    10.05

    0.31

     

    C699001

    MU

    15143

    36.17

    0.64

    22.41

    40.78

    17.07

    2.16

      

    ML

    15144

    20.06

    1.01

    27.55

    51.38

    26.87

    1.45

      

    BU

    15145

    42.87

    0.55

    24.57

    32.01

    11.51

    0.47

      

    BL

    15146

    46.55

    0.78

    20.22

    32.44

    14.71

    1.14

    Table 2
    Table 2 Detailed maceral composition and random vitrinite reflectance data for the Soutpansberg coal samples

    Borehole No

    R637004

    T190BS03

    T07BS

    C699001

    Seam part

    MU

    BU

    BL

    BU

    BL

    MU

    BL

    MU

    ML

    BU

    BL

    Sample ID

    15136

    15137

    15138

    15139

    15140

    15141

    15142

    15143

    15144

    15145

    15146

    Maceral (vol%)

    Analytical basis (inc. mm)

    Telinite

    1.2

    0.8

    1.0

    0.4

    0.2

    1.4

    *

    *

    0.9

    0.2

    *

    Collotelinite

    45.6

    23.3

    3.4

    17.2

    19.4

    38.9

    14.6

    17.1

    21.4

    1.3

    9.3

    Vitrodetrinite

    2.4

    4.8

    1.0

    9.5

    2.3

    0.8

    3.4

    0.9

    1.1

    4.4

    3.3

    Collodetrinite

    7.6

    10.6

    34.9

    11.3

    12.4

    20.4

    10.7

    5.6

    17.5

    4.2

    9.3

    Corpogelinite

    4.0

    1.9

    2.8

    2.0

    1.3

    5.3

    2.1

    4.7

    23.0

    3.3

    1.6

    Gelinite

    0.4

    0.6

    0.2

    0.2

    0.0

    0.2

    *

    0.8

    3.0

    1.9

    0.7

    Total Vitrinite

    61.2

    42.0

    43.3

    40.6

    35.6

    67.0

    30.8

    29.1

    66.9

    15.3

    24.2

    Fusinite

    4.8

    12.3

    13.5

    5.5

    6.6

    7.8

    3.2

    6.2

    4.2

    7.7

    4.4

    Semifusinite

    1.0

    3.5

    7.5

    4.0

    7.0

    2.5

    2.1

    2.1

    1.5

    6.7

    4.7

    Micrinite

    2.2

    0.6

    0.8

    0.6

    0.2

    0.4

    *

    0.4

    *

    *

    *

    Macrinite

    0.2

    *

    *

    0.4

    *

    0.4

    *

    *

    *

    *

    *

    Secretinite

    0.4

    3.3

    2.0

    2.4

    1.1

    0.0

    1.9

    0.2

    0.6

    1.7

    1.8

    Funginite

    *

    0.6

    *

    *

    *

    *

    *

    *

    *

    *

    *

    Inertodetrinite

    1.2

    9.5

    9.1

    6.1

    12.6

    3.5

    5.9

    7.9

    3.6

    17.6

    9.8

    Total Inertinite

    9.8

    29.8

    32.9

    19.0

    27.5

    14.6

    13.1

    16.8

    9.9

    33.7

    20.7

    Sporinite

    0.6

    *

    *

    1.6

    *

    *

    *

    3.8

    2.7

    2.5

    2.7

    Cutinite

    *

    *

    *

    0.8

    *

    *

    *

    2.1

    1.7

    0.0

    0.7

    Liptodetrinite

    1.4

    1.0

    0.4

    *

    1.3

    0.8

    0.6

    *

    *

    *

    0.7

    Total Liptinite

    2.0

    1.0

    0.4

    2.4

    1.3

    0.8

    0.6

    5.9

    4.4

    2.5

    4.1

    Silicate

    7.0

    26.2

    23.0

    35.2

    20.9

    14.8

    46.7

    43.5

    14.6

    46.6

    46.1

    Sulfide

    10.4

    0.8

    0.4

    0.8

    8.7

    1.6

    0.8

    3.9

    1.9

    1.3

    1.6

    Carbonate

    9.6

    0.2

    *

    2.0

    6.0

    1.2

    8.0

    0.8

    2.3

    0.6

    3.3

    TMM

    27.0

    27.2

    23.4

    38.0

    35.6

    17.6

    55.5

    48.2

    18.8

    48.5

    51.0

    V/I

    6.2

    1.4

    1.3

    2.1

    1.3

    4.6

    2.4

    1.7

    6.8

    0.5

    1.2

    GI

    8.8

    1.7

    1.4

    2.6

    1.4

    4.9

    2.8

    1.8

    7.2

    0.5

    1.3

    TPI

    1.1

    1.2

    2.0

    1.1

    1.0

    1.2

    1.0

    1.0

    1.1

    0.8

    1.0

    VI

    1.1

    1.2

    2.0

    1.1

    1.0

    1.2

    0.9

    0.8

    1.0

    0.7

    0.8

    GWI

    0.4

    1.0

    0.7

    1.7

    1.0

    0.4

    2.4

    2.2

    1.1

    10.0

    3.0

    RoV%

    0.88

    0.95

    0.80

    0.80

    0.95

    0.83

    0.86

    0.71

    0.70

    0.79

    0.81

    st. dev

    0.06

    0.07

    0.16

    0.17

    0.08

    0.04

    0.06

    0.06

    0.06

    0.07

    0.06

    Table 3
    Table 3 Distribution of major oxide (wt. %) and important geochemical indices of the coal from Soutpansberg Coalfield

    Sample ID

    SiO2

    Al2O3

    Fe2O3

    CaO

    MgO

    MnO

    Na2O

    K2O

    TiO2

    P2O5

    SO3

    Cr2O3

    BaO

    CIA

    CIW

    K2O/ Al2O3

    MgO/ Al2O3

    Al2O3/ TiO2

    K2O/ Na2O

    Al/(Al + Fe + Mn)

    (Fe + Mn)/Ti

    15136

    43.04

    12.82

    30.09

    4.19

    2.50

    0.39

    0.11

    0.88

    0.51

    0.26

    4.44

    0.04

    0.07

    92.04

    98.25

    0.07

    19.50

    25.25

    7.69

    0.24

    70.11

    15137

    55.95

    26.18

    1.90

    7.58

    1.81

    0.01

    0.10

    0.90

    1.25

    1.01

    2.35

    0.05

    0.22

    95.97

    99.24

    0.03

    6.93

    20.96

    9.01

    0.91

    1.79

    15138

    62.62

    32.11

    0.86

    0.23

    0.31

    0.00

    0.08

    1.00

    1.78

    0.08

    0.08

    0.03

    0.03

    96.53

    99.51

    0.03

    0.97

    18.08

    12.77

    0.97

    0.57

    15139

    66.56

    26.34

    2.66

    0.84

    0.66

    0.02

    0.08

    1.01

    0.95

    0.14

    0.66

    0.01

    0.07

    95.78

    99.42

    0.04

    2.49

    27.67

    13.05

    0.88

    3.29

    15140

    54.78

    26.61

    13.06

    1.66

    0.89

    0.11

    0.06

    0.51

    0.62

    0.90

    0.84

    0.01

    0.31

    97.66

    99.52

    0.02

    3.34

    43.05

    8.02

    0.60

    24.89

    15141

    63.73

    30.14

    2.95

    0.33

    0.37

    0.03

    0.09

    1.01

    0.77

    0.23

    0.09

    0.02

    0.08

    96.17

    99.39

    0.03

    1.22

    39.00

    11.00

    0.88

    4.50

    15142

    61.85

    28.70

    5.81

    0.33

    0.33

    0.06

    0.11

    0.89

    1.24

    0.33

    0.09

    0.01

    0.11

    96.29

    99.26

    0.03

    1.15

    23.08

    8.38

    0.79

    5.52

    15143

    65.89

    19.85

    6.71

    1.91

    1.11

    0.02

    0.08

    1.47

    0.86

    0.06

    1.96

    0.02

    0.05

    92.39

    99.18

    0.07

    5.58

    23.04

    17.96

    0.69

    9.12

    15144

    67.83

    19.25

    8.42

    1.19

    0.79

    0.07

    0.08

    1.01

    0.87

    0.09

    0.94

    0.02

    0.07

    94.28

    99.21

    0.05

    4.11

    22.12

    13.24

    0.63

    11.38

    15145

    72.40

    23.94

    1.10

    0.27

    0.33

    0.00

    0.09

    0.94

    1.09

    0.11

    0.12

    0.01

    0.05

    95.49

    99.22

    0.04

    1.40

    21.94

    9.94

    0.94

    1.18

    15146

    66.28

    28.21

    2.95

    0.46

    0.33

    0.01

    0.05

    0.85

    1.12

    0.07

    0.31

    0.02

    0.04

    96.77

    99.67

    0.03

    1.16

    25.27

    18.36

    0.88

    3.10

    Table 4
    Table 4 Mineral identified in the coal from the Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield

    Borehole No

    Seam part

    Sample ID

    Quartz

    Kaolinite

    Siderite

    Muscovite

    Dolomite

    Calcite

    Pyrite

    R637004

    MU

    15136

    ++

    ++

    ++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    BU

    15137

    ++

    ++

    ++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    BL

    15138

    ++

    +++

     + 

    ++

     + 

     + 

     + 

    T190BS03

    BU

    15139

    +++

    +++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    BL

    15140

    ++

    +++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    T07BS

    MU

    15141

    ++

    +++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    BL

    15142

    ++

    +++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    C699001

    MU

    15143

    ++ + 

    +++

     + 

    ++

     + 

     + 

     + 

    ML

    15144

    ++

    ++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    BU

    15145

    ++ + 

    +++

     + 

    ++

     + 

     + 

     + 

    BL

    15146

    ++ + 

    +++

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

     + 

    Table 5
    Table 5 Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the studied coal from the Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield
     

    SiO2

    Al2O3

    CaO

    Cr2O3

    Fe2O3

    K2O

    MgO

    MnO

    Na2O

    TiO2

    CIA

    CIW

    Sil

    Sulf

    Carb

    TMM

    TS

    SiO2

    1.00

    		                

    Al2O3

    0.40

    1.00

    		               

    CaO

     − 0.61

     − 0.38

    1.00

    		              

    Cr2O3

     − 0.55

     − 0.14

    0.79

    1.00

    		             

    Fe2O3

     − 0.81

     − 0.76

    0.31

    0.17

    1.00

    		            

    K2O

    0.39

     − 0.22

     − 0.07

    0.07

     − 0.23

    1.00

    		           

    MgO

     − 0.81

     − 0.74

    0.84

    0.64

    0.74

     − 0.02

    1.00

    		          

    MnO

     − 0.83

     − 0.72

    0.33

    0.25

    0.98

     − 0.26

    0.75

    1.00

    		         

    Na2O

     − 0.41

     − 0.35

    0.40

    0.45

    0.35

    0.15

    0.48

    0.45

    1.00

    		        

    TiO2

    0.38

    0.64

     − 0.14

    0.30

     − 0.67

    0.13

     − 0.46

     − 0.60

     − 0.09

    1.00

    		       

    CIA

    0.25

    0.87

     − 0.28

     − 0.24

     − 0.57

     − 0.63

     − 0.62

     − 0.54

     − 0.45

    0.41

    1.00

    		      

    CIW

    0.64

    0.84

     − 0.45

     − 0.40

     − 0.82

     − 0.12

     − 0.80

     − 0.86

     − 0.73

    0.47

    0.80

    1.00

    		     

    Sil

    0.61

    0.31

     − 0.33

     − 0.41

     − 0.55

    0.25

     − 0.51

     − 0.57

     − 0.23

    0.37

    0.20

    0.43

    1.00

    		    

    Sulf

     − 0.76

     − 0.63

    0.27

    0.03

    0.91

     − 0.34

    0.65

    0.84

    0.13

     − 0.73

     − 0.39

     − 0.60

     − 0.49

    1.00

    		   

    Carb

     − 0.66

     − 0.39

    0.05

     − 0.10

    0.79

     − 0.47

    0.38

    0.79

    0.29

     − 0.48

     − 0.17

     − 0.53

     − 0.20

    0.67

    1.00

    		  

    TMM

    0.30

    0.08

     − 0.27

     − 0.46

     − 0.18

    0.07

     − 0.29

     − 0.21

     − 0.14

    0.10

    0.07

    0.19

    0.91

     − 0.11

    0.20

    1.00

    		 

    TS

     − 0.13

     − 0.66

    0.11

     − 0.03

    0.45

    0.52

    0.39

    0.34

     − 0.05

     − 0.62

     − 0.74

     − 0.40

     − 0.21

    0.44

    0.08

     − 0.10

    1.00

相关问题
立即提问
国际煤炭科学技术学报（英文）
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
Ei收录期刊
CSCD中国科学引文数据库来源期刊
中国科技核心期刊
2024年05期
推荐专家
推荐企业
中国煤炭科工

中国煤炭科工
推荐专题
《洁净煤技术》“新疆大学100周年院庆”特刊
《洁净煤技术》“新疆大学100周年院庆”特刊
《工矿自动化》2022年度综述类文章合辑
《工矿自动化》2022年度综述类文章合辑
《采矿与岩层控制工程学报》“冲击地压发生机理及灾害防治”专题
《采矿与岩层控制工程学报》“冲击地压发生机理及灾害防治”专题
《工矿自动化》无线电波防爆安全功率 · 虚拟专题
《工矿自动化》无线电波防爆安全功率 · 虚拟专题
《能源环境保护》“废气治理技术”虚拟专题
《能源环境保护》“废气治理技术”虚拟专题
《煤炭科学技术》“矿井水防治与资源化利用”研究领域 · 热文精选
《煤炭科学技术》“矿井水防治与资源化利用”研究领域 · 热文精选
《煤田地质与勘探》“预防为先，科技赋能：地质灾害监测预警”专题
《煤田地质与勘探》“预防为先，科技赋能：地质灾害监测预警”专题
《煤田地质与勘探》数值模拟技术典型应用案例（四）· 虚拟专题
《煤田地质与勘探》数值模拟技术典型应用案例（四）· 虚拟专题
《煤炭科学技术》2023—2024年发表论文高被引（WoS数据库）| TOP30
《煤炭科学技术》2023—2024年发表论文高被引（WoS数据库）| TOP30
《煤田地质与勘探》“6·5” 环境日：“炭”索成果
《煤田地质与勘探》“6·5” 环境日：“炭”索成果
亮点论文

主办单位：煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会

©版权所有2015 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 地址：北京市朝阳区和平里青年沟东路煤炭大厦 邮编：100013
京ICP备05086979号-16  技术支持：云智互联