【目的】底板突水受特定地质构造、水−岩−应力及采掘扰动等因素叠加作用影响，具有复杂性、隐蔽性、突发性等特点。【方法】物理模拟试验能较好地还原底板岩层与承压水赋存环境、直观展现采动底板裂隙扩展及突水路径演化全过程、实时获取灾变各阶段多源数据信息，因而在底板突水研究方面具有独特优势。【结果和结论】对底板突水经典理论、标准规范、模拟试验及工程实践等方面的研究成果进行了回顾，重点梳理了试验加载装置及水压模拟方式、相似材料研制及其特性指标、监测技术及其观测系统设计3个方面的研究进展，其中在模拟水−岩−应力耦合环境下的三维模型底板突水全过程信息捕捉方面有较大突破。面对数智化研究大背景，分析当前底板突水物理模拟试验领域存在的不足，并据此指出未来应重点关注大型三维底板突水综合试验平台研制、基于标准化的多特性相似材料配比数据库建立、多相多场多维耦合监测预警系统构建、人工智能等数智化技术融合应用研究等发展方向。提出的思考有助于从装置、材料、技术等方面提升未来物理模拟试验水平，从而更好支撑煤矿底板水害数智化防治基础研究工作高质量发展。

[Objective] Water inrushes from floors are subjected to the superimposed effects of factors such as specific geological structures, water-rock-stress coupling, and mining disturbance, proving complex, concealed, and abrupt. [Methods] Physical simulation experiments can effectively reproduce the environments of the floors and confined water, intuitively present the whole process of both mining-induced fracture propagation in the floors and the path evolution of water inrushes, and obtain multi-source data of all disaster stages in a real time manner. Therefore, such experiments enjoy unique advantages in investigating water inrushes from floors. [Results and Conclusions] This study reviews the research achievements in water inrushes in terms of classical theories, standards and specifications, simulation experiments, and engineering practice, highlighting three advances in research: experiment loading devices and water pressure simulation methods; the R&D and characteristic indices of similar materials, and monitoring technologies and their observation system design. A breakthrough has been made in capturing the whole-process information of water inrushes from floors using a 3D model under the simulated water-rock-stress coupling environment. In the broad context of research on digital intelligence, this study analyzes the limitations of physical simulation experiments on water inrush from floors. Accordingly, it proposes that future development should focus on the R&D of large-scale, comprehensive 3D experiment platforms for water inrush from floors, the establishment of a standardized database for multi-characteristic proportioning of similar materials, the construction of a multi-phase, multi-field, and multi-dimensional coupling monitoring and early warning system, and the integrated application and research of digital intelligence technologies including artificial intelligence. The insights of this study will assist in improving the level of physical simulation experiments from the aspects of devices, materials, and technologies, thereby supporting the high-quality advancement in fundamental research on the intelligent prevention and control of water hazards from floors in coal mines.