在煤矿开采过程中伴随大量的呼吸性粉尘产生，严重危害工人健康。喷雾技术作为应用最为广泛的降尘技术，具高效、清洁等优点，但现有的喷雾技术对呼吸性粉尘的捕获能力不强，雾化效率低。为解决该问题，研发了超音速同轴气动雾化技术。通过实验和数值模拟的方法对该技术的雾化特性进行了研究，并基于自行设计的降尘实验平台对比了超音速汲水虹吸气动雾化降尘技术与超音速同轴气动雾化降尘技术的降尘特性。同时通过2种技术的隔尘对比实验揭示了粉尘在超音速动力微雾幕作用下的沿程沉降机理。结果表明：在不同气动压力下，超音速同轴雾化降尘装置所采用的同轴探针注水方式大幅降低了探针结构对超音速流场能量的损耗，显著提高了雾化效率，产生了大量11 μm以下、空间分布均匀的高速雾滴群，与虹吸雾化装置相比，粒径减小了12%～50%，在喷雾流场中形成了大范围高速细雾区域。雾滴场与粉尘场的耦合效果，可以由粉尘的瞬时分散度表征，并由雾滴场特性的分布特征决定。不同时刻，各个粒径区间的分级降尘效率的变化趋势不同，在不同压力下对总的降尘效率的贡献不同。超音速同轴雾化技术产生的大范围高速细雾易于捕集呼吸性粉尘，PM₀～PM_2.5的分级效率在75%以上，最高可达90%。压力的增大使高速细雾范围增大，有利于对微细颗粒的捕集。含尘气流在有限空间运移过程中粉尘在超音速动力微雾幕作用下的沿程沉降过程可划分为雾滴捕尘区、凝并沉降区、蒸发逃逸区。在不同区域雾滴与粉尘不同的行为与浓度分布，是受到喷雾气流及气载风流曳力运移，高速微雾碰撞捕捉、雾滴凝并沉降、雾滴蒸发失重作用的结果。

In the process of coal mining, a large amount of respirable dust is generated, which seriously endangers the miners’ health. As the most widely used dust reduction technology, the spray technology has the advantages of high efficiency and cleanliness, but the existing spray technology does not have a strong ability to capture respirable dust, and the atomization efficiency is low. In order to solve those problems, the supersonic coaxial aerodynamic atomization technology was developed. The atomization characteristics of the technology were studied by experimental and numerical simulations, and the dust reduction characteristics of supersonic water drawing siphon aerodynamic atomization and supersonic coaxial atomization were compared based on the self-designed dust reduction experimental platform. At the same time, the dust separation experiment of the two technologies revealed the sedimentation mechanism of dust under the action of supersonic dynamic micro-fog curtain. The results show that under different aerodynamic pressures, the coaxial probe water injection method adopted by the supersonic coaxial atomization dust reduction device greatly reduces the energy loss of the probe structure on the supersonic flow field, significantly improves the atomization efficiency, and produces a large number of high-speed droplets below 11 μm with an uniform spatial distribution, and the particle size is reduced by 12%−50% compared with the siphon atomization device, forming a large-scale high-speed fine fog area in the spray flow field. The coupling effect of the droplet field and the dust field can be characterized by the instantaneous dispersion of the dust and determined by the distribution characteristics of the droplet field. At different times, the variation trend of the graded dust reduction efficiency in each particle size interval is different, and the contribution to the total dust reduction efficiency under different pressures is also different. The large-scale high-speed fine mist generated by the supersonic coaxial atomization technology is easy to capture respirable dust, and the classification efficiency of PM₀−PM_2.5 is more than 75%, and the maximum is 90%. The increase of pressure enlarges the range of high-speed fine mist, which is conducive to the capture of fine particles. During the confined space migration of dust-containing airflow, the sedimentation process of dust under the action of supersonic dynamic micro-fog curtain can be divided into droplet dust capture area, condensation and sedimentation area, and evaporation escape area. The different behaviors and concentration distributions of fog droplets and dust in different regions are the results of the drag migration of spray airflow and airborne wind flow, the capture of high-speed micro-fog collision, the condensation and settlement of fog droplets, and the weight loss of fog droplet evaporation.