随着“碳达峰，碳中和”目标的提出，将煤与NH₃混燃逐步减少煤电是实现降碳的一种新途径，但煤/NH₃的混燃特性尚不清晰。因此，基于平焰燃烧器开展煤/NH₃燃烧实验，探究了掺氨比(E(NH₃)，0～100%)、煤/NH₃注入方式(预混、非预混)对燃烧特性的影响，采用相机、烟气分析仪，热电偶检测了火焰形态、燃烧器上方高度(Heights Above Burner，H_AB)中心沿程烟气中气体组分及温度分布情况，并测定了飞灰中未燃碳的含量，得到：在燃烧初期，煤/NH₃争夺O₂的现象更明显，由于燃烧区NH₃燃烧产生的富水气氛，使得在预混低E(NH₃)下，CO与OH发生反应，CO质量浓度降低，而在高E(NH₃)下，一方面NH₃优先与O₂结合，导致大量碳不完全燃烧，另一方面，富水气氛促进了煤的气化反应，导致燃烧还原区的CO质量浓度大幅升高，最高可达19773.05 mg/Nm³，但此过程改变了焦炭的孔隙结构，增加了焦炭的比表面积，加快了煤粉的燃烧进程，使预混条件下飞灰残炭量由13.90%(纯煤燃烧)降低至13.44%(E(NH₃)＝80%)，过早注入NH₃会减轻燃烧前期NH₃燃烧对煤粉的预热作用，降低在火焰反应区的燃烧强度；掺NH₃后NO_x排放量大幅上升，随着E(NH₃)增加，NO_x先增加后降低，且NO质量浓度峰值提前，未燃NH₃及氧体积分数分别是影响N₂O、NO₂生成的主要因素，增加煤/NH₃燃烧的停留时间、减少未燃NH₃体积分数、创造还原性气氛均是降低NO_x的有效方式；在预混高掺氨比(E(NH₃)≥80%、H_AB=100 mm)及非预混工况下，CO₂%随着E(NH₃)增加呈现降低的趋势；预混E(NH₃)=40%～60%工况更有利于实现煤/NH₃的低氮、低碳、高效燃烧，煤粉掺NH₃燃烧存在相互促进和抑制作用，需根据实际情况采取有效措施以发挥煤/NH₃混燃的促进作用。

To meet the “peak carbon and carbon neutrality” targets, the gradual reduction of coal-fired electricity generation through the co-firing of coal and NH₃ has emerged as a new pathway to achieve carbon reduction. However, the co-firing characteristics of coal and NH₃ are not yet clear. Therefore, the coal/NH₃ co-firing experiments were conducted based on a flat-flame burner to investigate the influence of ammonia blending ratio (E(NH₃), 0−100%) and coal/NH₃ injection methods (pre-mixed, non-pre-mixed) on combustion characteristics. Camera, flue gas analyzer, and thermocouples were used to observe flame morphology, gas composition, temperature distribution along the centerline heights above the burner (H_AB), and measure the unburned carbon content in fly ash. The results showed that during the initial stage of combustion, the competition for O₂ between coal and NH₃ was more pronounced. The NH₃ combustion in the combustion zone created a rich water vapor atmosphere. Under low E(NH₃) conditions in pre-mixed combustion, CO reacted with OH, resulting in a decrease in CO concentration. On the other hand, under high E(NH₃) conditions, NH₃ preferentially reacted with O₂, leading to an incomplete combustion of a significant amount of carbon. Additionally, the rich water vapor atmosphere promoted coal gasification reactions, resulting in a significant increase in CO concentration in the combustion reduction zone, reaching a maximum of 19773.05 mg/Nm³. However, this process altered the pore structure of the coke, increased the specific surface area of the coke, accelerated the combustion process of coal powder, and reduced the residual carbon content in fly ash from 13.90% (pure coal combustion) to 13.44% (E(NH₃)=80%) under pre-mixed conditions. An early injection of NH₃ reduced the preheating effect of NH₃ combustion on coal powder and decreased the combustion intensity in the flame reaction zone. The addition of NH₃ significantly increased the NO_x emissions, and with increasing E(NH₃), there was an initial increase followed by a decrease in NO_x, with the peak concentration of NO occurring earlier. The unburned NH₃ content and oxygen content were the main factors influencing the formation of N₂O and NO₂. Increasing the residence time of coal/NH₃ combustion, reducing the unburned NH₃ content, and creating a reducing atmosphere were effective ways to reduce NO_x emissions. Under high E(NH₃) conditions in pre-mixed combustion (E(NH₃)≥80%, H_AB=100 mm) and non-pre-mixed conditions, the CO₂ percentage showed a decreasing trend with increasing E(NH₃). Pre-mixed conditions with an E(NH₃) range of 40% to 60% were more favorable for achieving low nitrogen, low carbon, and high-efficiency combustion of coal/NH₃. The co-firing of coal powder with NH₃ exhibited mutual promotion and restriction effects, requiring some effective measures based on specific circumstances to harness the promotion effect of coal/NH₃ co-firing.