硬岩巷道快速掘进是实现煤矿智能高效开采的重要环节，悬臂掘进机、TBM和底切割装备都在尝试解决这一难点，掘进技术和装备的发展直接影响采矿的安全生产和经济效益。首先，总结了悬臂掘进机在硬岩截割工况的适用范围和截齿消耗现状，分析截割破岩形式的现场试验，发现在较高的岩石强度条件下，截齿消耗量较正常磨损翻倍，掘进速度与开采速度的不匹配，严重制约了矿井生产。其次，分析了滚刀破岩形式和装备在矿山领域的应用和新产品现状，得出移动式矿用掘进设备采用滚刀挤压破岩，块状渣土少，粉末多，刀盘推力小，导致破岩能力不足。最后，分析了线性底切割破岩技术和非线性底切割技术的原理和装备研发现状。结果表明：随着振荡频率的提高，切削力显著降低，非线性底切割破岩单位体积消耗能量少，优势明显。但在硬岩条件下的掘进效率、设备稳定性等关键问题有待验证，非线性底切割技术有望突破未来矿山硬岩掘进的技术难题。

Rapid excavation of hard rock tunnels was a crucial aspect in achieving intelligent and efficient coal mining. Cantilever roadheaders, TBMs, and bottom cutting equipment are all attempting to address this challenge. The development of excavation technologies and equipment directly impacts the safety and economic benefits of mining operations. Firstly, the applicable range and current status of cutting tool consumption of cantilever roadheaders in hard rock cutting conditions were summarized, followed by an analysis of on-site rock cutting experiments. The results indicated that under high rock strength conditions, cutting tool consumption doubles compared to normal wear, resulting in a mismatch between excavation speed and mining speed, severely constraining mine production. Secondly, the application of roller cutting rock breaking methods and equipment in the mining sector and the current status of new products was analyzed. The results showed that mobile mining excavation equipment using roller cutting for rock breaking results in less chunky debris, more powder, and low cutterhead thrust, leading to insufficient rock breaking capacity. Lastly, the principles and equipment development status of linear bottom cutting rock breaking technology and nonlinear bottom cutting technology were analyzed. The results demonstrated that with an increase in oscillation frequency, cutting forces significantly decreased, and nonlinear bottom cutting rock breaking consumes less energy per unit volume, showing clear advantages. However, key issues such as excavation efficiency and equipment stability in hard rock conditions remain to be verified. Nonlinear bottom cutting technology is expected to break through the technical difficulties of future hard rock excavation in mines.