煤直接液化技术是煤炭资源清洁利用的有效途径之一,煤液化的关键在于其催化过程,研究煤直接液化催化剂在反应过程中的活性形态有助于深入认识煤炭液化过程,为优化煤直接液化催化剂制备工艺提供理论指导。介绍铁系催化剂、有色金属催化剂和酸性催化剂3种煤直接液化催化剂,简述催化剂活性形态研究过程中常用的表征技术,汇总分析铁系催化剂、有色金属催化剂和酸性催化剂在煤直接液化反应过程中的活性形态。在煤直接液化技术的研究中,铁系催化剂是煤直接液化反应过程中使用最多的催化剂,γ-FeOOH是较好的铁系催化剂前驱体,铁系催化剂在反应过程中的活性形态为Fe1-xS;有色金属催化剂的活性形态是其硫化后所形成的硫化物;酸性催化剂在煤直接液化反应过程中的作用是促进煤中有机大分子结构和分子间桥键裂解及促进裂解产生活性基团加氢。建议未来探索适合于煤直接液化反应条件下的催化剂原位表征技术,实现对反应过程中催化剂活性形态的动态观测。

Direct coal liquefaction technology is one of the effective ways to achieve clean utilization of coal re -sources, and the catalytic process for direct liquefaction is the key of direct coal liquefaction technology. Studying theactive form of direct coal liquefaction catalyst in the reaction process is helpful to deeply understand the catalyticmechanism of direct coal liquefaction and can provide theoretical guidelines on the optimization of catalyst preparationprocess. Three kinds of catalysts for direct coal liquefaction are introduced: iron⁃based catalyst, non⁃ferrous metalcatalyst and acidic catalyst. The characterization technology used in the study of active form of catalyst for direct coalliquefaction are described briefly. The active forms of these three catalysts in the process of direct coal liquefaction aresummarized. Within these catalysts, iron⁃based catalyst is the most widely used catalyst in the process of direct coalliquefaction. γ⁃FeOOH is an excellent iron⁃based catalyst precursor. In general, it is believed that FeS is the ac⁃tive form of iron⁃based catalyst in direct coal liquefaction process, sulfide formed by sulphidation of non⁃ferrous metalis the active form of non⁃ferrous metal catalyst and the function of acidic catalyst in direct coal liquefaction is to pro⁃mote the cracking of organic macromolecular and intermolecular bridge bonds in coal and the hydrogenation of activegroups produced by cracking. It is suggested that the in⁃situ characterization technology which is suitable for directcoal liquefaction reaction condition should be explored to realize dynamic observation of active form of catalyst in thereaction process.