在岩石爆破过程中，爆炸冲击波和爆生气体的波动机理尚不清楚。通过高速纹影系统和超压测试系统并结合AUTODYN数值模拟分析，对爆炸冲击波和爆生气体的波动机理开展研究。设计了不同炸药类型和装药结构下的5种药包，通过纹影照片直观地显示爆生产物的动态作用演化过程。对比分析5种情况下爆炸冲击波和爆生气体在流场中的波动变化，将数值模拟结果与纹影实验结果进行对比并反演了炸药内部爆轰波动过程。结果表明：爆炸冲击波与爆生气体一开始伴随扩展，并以起爆点为中心向外以球形传播。在传播过程中，爆炸冲击波与爆生气体逐渐分离，爆炸冲击波传播速度大于爆生气体的传播速度。在不同的装药结构情况下，爆炸冲击波和爆生气体的分离特征不同，分离的时间随药包外壳约束作用的增强而缩短。在不同的炸药类型情况下，爆炸冲击波和爆生气体的波动形态基本相同，但因炸药材料本身物理力学参数不同，所以爆炸冲击波和爆生气体传播过程中的速度和压力变化会有差异。当存在切口时，爆炸冲击波和爆生气体会优先从切口处向外传播，然后向其他方向进行绕流，切口方向的压力和速度都会变大，切口方向能量集中且管壁优先破坏，达到定向破坏的效果。数值模拟中爆炸冲击波和爆生气体的波动变化形态与纹影实验结果在形态上较为吻合。

The action mechanism of blast shock wave and detonation gas in rock blasting remains unclear. This article attempts to reveal the action mechanism of blast shock wave and detonation gas through high-speed schlieren system, overpressure test system and AUTODYN numerical simulation analysis. 5 cartridges under different explosive types and charge structures were designed, and the dynamic action evolution of detonation products can be visualized from schlieren photos. The action change of blast shock wave and detonation gas in the flow field were compared under the said five conditions. The numerical simulation results were compared with the schlieren experiment results, and the detonation wave process in explosives was reversely deduced. The results showed: the blast shock wave initially expand along with the detonation gas, both propagate outwardly around the point of detonation in a spherical shape. During propagation, the blast shock wave is gradually separated from the detonation gas, and the blast shock wave propagates at a higher velocity compared with the detonation gas. In the scenarios of different charge structures, the features for which the blast shock wave is separated from the detonation gas are varied, the time of separation will shorten as the constraining effect of the cartridge shell intensifies. In the scenarios of different explosive types, the wave patterns of shock wave and detonation gas are essentially the same. However, the velocity and pressure change of shock wave and detonation wave may deviate in the course of propagation, due to different physical and mechanical parameters of explosive materials. In the presence of slot, shock wave and detonation gas will first propagate outwardly from the slot, then the flow is carried out in the other direction, and the pressure and speed in the incision direction will increase, the energy along the slot direction is concentrated and the tube wall is first damaged, resulting in the effect of directional damage. In the numerical simulation, the fluctuation pattern and schear experimental results of explosion shock wave and explosion gas are more consistent in morphology.