煤矸石作为煤的伴生物，存量日益增多，严重威胁生态环境。由于SiO₂和Al₂O₃质量分数高，因此利用煤矸石制备分子筛捕集CO₂以实现煤矸石的高效资源化利用是一个有前景的技术。以煤矸石为原料，采用水热晶化法制备沸石分子筛，研究KOH添加量、煤半焦掺杂量对分子筛结构和性质的影响；开展CO₂气体的静态吸附测试，研究煤矸石基沸石分子筛和胺改性分子筛的CO₂捕集特性。分析结果表明，当KOH与煤矸石质量比为2∶1时，所得分子筛的比表面积为100.17 m²/g；当煤半焦掺杂量为40%时，制备的分子筛比表面积达249.86 m²/g，总孔容积为0.249 cm³/g；在最优制备条件下，分子筛的CO₂吸附量为1.16 mmol/g；胺负载改性能有效提升分子筛的CO₂捕集能力，但过量的聚乙烯亚胺会在分子筛孔隙内聚集堵塞孔道，导致分子筛的物理吸附能力减弱。

Coal gangue, a by-product of coal mining, is accumulating rapidly and As a by-product of coal mining, the amount of coal gangue is increasing in stock, which poses a serious threat to the environment. Due to the high content of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ mass fraction, the use of gangue to prepare molecular sieves to capture CO₂ in order to realize the efficient resource utilization of coal gangue is a promising technology. In this paper, zeolite molecular sieves are prepared by hydrothermal crystallization method with coal gangue as raw material, and the effects of KOH addition and coal semi-coke doping on the structure and properties of molecular sieves are investigated; static adsorption test of CO₂ is carried out to study the CO₂ capture characteristics of coal gangue-based zeolite molecular sieves and amine-modified molecular sieves. The results show that when the mass ratio of KOH to coal gangue is 2∶1, the specific surface area of the molecular sieve is 100.17 m²/g. When the doping amount of coal semi-coke is 40%, the molecular sieve has a specific surface area of 249.86 m²/g, and the total pore volume is 0.249 cm³/g. Under the optimal preparation conditions, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of the molecular sieve is 1.16 mmol/g. Amine loading modification could effectively enhance the CO₂ capture capacity of the molecular sieves, but excessive polyethyleneimine will accumulate in the molecular sieve pores and block the pore channels, resulting in the weakening of the physical adsorption capacity of the molecular sieves.