《国家危险废物名录》是我国危险废物判定的主要法律依据,也是我国危险废物环境管理的基础。有色冶炼行业的工艺复杂且存在多种副反应,所产生的固体废物种类繁多且污染特性复杂。有色冶炼废物是《国家危险废物名录》中的重要分类之一。实践表明,有色冶炼危险废物的环境管理遇到了固体废物产生节点识别困难、属性不明确以及污染特性不清晰的问题。通过对铜、铅、锌和铝冶炼过程中典型危险废物的来源进行分析,揭示了不同产生节点固体废物的表面形貌、含水率、化学组成、浸出毒性浓度等理化特性与污染特性之间的关系,并阐明了铅滤饼、砷渣等重点类别固体废物的环境风险。研究结果支撑修订《国家危险废物名录》中有关铜、铅、锌和铝冶炼过程的危险废物分类。研究认为,获取以上基础数据对于明确危险废物产生节点、精准描述危险废物来源以及精确定义危险特性至关重要,并提出了提升有色冶炼行业危险废物环境管理水平的建议。

The National Catalogue of Hazardous Wasteis the primary legal document for identifying haz⁃ardous wastes and also provides the foundation for its environmental management in China. The non-ferrous smelting industry involves a complex process with numerous side reactions, resulting in diversesolid wastes and complex pollution characteristics. Non-ferrous smelting waste constitutes a significantcategory within the National Catalogue of Hazardous Waste. However, the practical environmental man⁃agement of hazardous waste in non-ferrous smelting reveals challenges in identifying solid waste genera⁃tion points, unclear attributes of solid waste, and uncertain pollution characteristics. To address theseissues, this study analyzes the sources of typical hazardous wastes from copper, lead, zinc, and alumi⁃num smelting. It examines the physical and chemical properties, as well as pollution characteristics, ofsolid wastes at the various production stages, including surface morphology, moisture content, chemicalcomposition, leaching toxicity concentration, etc. Moreover, this research clarifies the environmentalrisks associated with key types of solid wastes, such as lead filter cake and arsenic residue. The find⁃ings from this study support the revision of hazardous waste classification in the smelting processes ofcopper, lead, zinc, and aluminum, as outlined in the National Catalogue of Hazardous Waste. Acqui⁃ring the aforementioned foundational data is crucial for refining the identification of hazardous wastegeneration points, accurately describing the waste′s source, defining its hazardous characteristics, andproposing suggestions to enhance environmental management practices within the non-ferrous smeltingindustry.