School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce
Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment and Energy, Tianjin University of Commerce
School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce
School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University

木质纤维素类生物质是厌氧消化生产生物能源的重要原料。然而,其复杂的三维结构造成厌氧消化过程中底物转化率低、技术经济性差等问题。反刍动物屠宰场废弃物———瘤胃液能够针对性地强化木质纤维素类生物质的降解与转化,与厌氧消化结合有望提升总体效率。近年来,国内外学者对瘤胃微生物厌氧消化降解木质纤维素类生物质进行了大量研究,同时,基于仿生原理的人工瘤胃发酵系统逐渐兴起。综述了反刍动物瘤胃微生物和木质纤维素组分降解酶的组成、多样性及相关基因,梳理了瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素生物质降解和甲烷、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)、氢气及其他增值产品制备等方面的研究进展,概述了仿瘤胃厌氧消化产甲烷系统的构建原理及应用效果,对瘤胃微生物在厌氧消化资源化利用方面的研究提出展望及建议,旨在为瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素类生物质降解转化及高值化利用提供思路与方法。

Lignocellulosic biomass waste is an important raw material for anaerobic digestion to producebioenergy. However, its complex three-dimensional structure leads to a low substrate conversion rateand poor technical economic efficiency during anaerobic digestion. Rumen fluid from ruminant slaughte⁃rhouse waste can selectively enhance the degradation and transformation of lignocellulosic biomass.When combined with anaerobic digestion, it is expected to improve the overall efficiency. In recentyears, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on the anaerobic digestion ofrumen microorganisms for degrading lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, artificial rumen fermentationsystems based on bionic principles have gradually emerged. This paper reviews the composition, diver⁃sity and related genes of rumen microorganisms and lignocellulosic component degrading enzymes in ru⁃minants. It also summarizes the research progress of rumen microorganisms in biomass wastedegradation and the production of methane, volatile fatty acid (VFAs), hydrogen and other value-add⁃ed products. Additionally, this review provides an overview of the construction principles and applica⁃tion effects of anaerobic digestion methane production systems in simulated rumen. It further presentsprospects and suggestions for the research of rumen microorganisms in the energy and resourceutilization of anaerobic digestion. The intention is to provide ideas and methods for the degradation,transformation, and high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass by rumen microorganisms.

国家重点研发政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2022YFE0125100);天津市自然科学基金资助项目(22JCQNJC01410)

穆兰,徐凤莲,程占军,等.瘤胃微生物厌氧消化降解木质纤维素废弃物技术研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2024,38(5):78-91.

MU Lan, XU Fenglian, CHENG Zhanjun, et al. Research progress on anaerobic digestion and degradation of lig⁃nocellulosic waste by rumen microorganisms[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2024, 38(5): 78-91.