冲击危险性巷道围岩遭受外界动载荷扰动，常导致冲击地压发生。为了探索煤层大直径预卸压钻孔在动载扰动条件下的防冲卸压作用，综合采用理论分析、实验室试验以及数值模拟等方法，开展煤层防冲卸压钻孔动载响应规律及其极限性研究。结果表明：大直径钻孔卸压区内的煤体形成弱结构，增大了衰减动载的能力，降低了冲击发生的可能性。低动载扰动下，孔洞裂隙扩展，声发射累计事件随着扰动周期增加呈上升趋势；较高动载扰动下，钻孔煤样损伤破裂程度加剧，声发射事件以高能量为主。随着动载能级和扰动周期增加，应力集中区、弹性高能区与钻孔之间的距离缩短，影响范围增大，围岩运动趋势增强，弹性能集聚程度增加；在低动载能级扰动下，钻孔发挥耗能卸压防冲的作用，能够维护围岩的稳定性，在高能级动载扰动驱动下，大直径钻孔防冲失效，钻孔孔壁易发生动力失稳破坏，造成围岩失稳。总体上大直径卸压钻孔存在弱化结构，能够耗能减冲，降低动载扰动程度，但在高能、高频动载扰动下，卸压钻孔围岩运动趋势增强，破裂响应程度剧烈，防冲效能存在极限性。

The surrounding rock of the impact hazard roadway is often disturbed by external dynamic loads, which often leads to the occurrence of impact ground pressure. In order to explore the anti impact and pressure relief effects of large-diameter pre relief boreholes in coal seams under dynamic load disturbance conditions, a comprehensive method including theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations was used to study the dynamic load response law and limit of coal seam anti impact and pressure relief boreholes. The results indicate that the coal body in the pressure relief zone of large-diameter drilling forms a weak structure, increases the ability to attenuate dynamic loads, and reduces the possibility of impact. Under low dynamic load disturbance, the expansion of pores and cracks, and the cumulative acoustic emission events show an upward trend with the increase of disturbance period; Under higher dynamic load disturbances, the degree of damage and rupture of coal samples in boreholes intensifies, and acoustic emission events are mainly high-energy. As the dynamic load level and disturbance period increase, the distance between the stress concentration zone, elastic high-energy zone and the borehole shortens, the influence range increases, the rock movement trend strengthens, and the degree of elastic energy accumulation increases. Under low dynamic load level disturbances, drilling plays a role in energy dissipation, pressure relief, and anti-collision, which can maintain the stability of the surrounding rock. However, under high-energy dynamic load disturbances, the anti-collision of large-diameter drilling fails, and the drilling wall is prone to dynamic instability and damage, causing instability of the surrounding rock. Overall, large-diameter pressure relief boreholes have weakened structures that can dissipate energy, reduce impact, and lower the degree of dynamic load disturbance. However, under high-energy and high-frequency dynamic load disturbances, the movement trend of the surrounding rock of the pressure relief borehole increases, the degree of fracture response is severe, and the anti impact effectiveness is limited.