School of Energy and Mining, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing
China-Russia Dynamics Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing
National University of Science and Technology MISiS

为改善综放开采中存在的煤炭采出率低、围岩支护困难、瓦斯排放高和冲击地压频繁等问题,从错层位开采的基础原理、错层位开采灾害防治模型和工程应用等3个方面综述了错层位开采研究进展。总结了综放开采引发矿井灾害的原因为顶煤大范围、高强度垮落使得煤层和顶板中积聚的能量快速释放,连锁引发一系列围岩大变形、瓦斯超限和冲击地压等矿井灾害。阐述了3种基于错层位开采的矿井灾害防治模型,分别从围岩环境与塑性发育的角度阐述了错层位双巷联合支护机制;从孔隙率与流场浓度的角度阐述了错层位开采与综放开采的瓦斯浓度分布特性;从弹性应变能与耗散能的角度阐述了错层位开采与综放开采的能量分布特性。阐述了错层位开采技术实际工程应用,分别以华丰煤矿1411工作面、镇城底煤矿18111工作面和老公营子煤矿5(9)工作面为工程案例进行了分析,现场实测数据表明错层位开采技术能够明显降低工作面开采过程中的超前支承压力和上隅角瓦斯浓度,能够有效防止矿井灾害的发生。未来,基于错层位开采的矿井灾害防治还需要在基础理论方面进行深入研究,研究错层位采空区充填条件下岩层移动和能量演化规律,实现对地表沉陷灾害的治理,研发错层位工作面的全面智能化开采技术,达到安全开采、绿色开采和智能开采的目标。

Aiming at the low coal recovery rate, surrounding rock support difficulty, high gas emission, and frequent rock burst in fully mechanized mining, staggered mining is summarized from three aspects: the basic principle of staggered mining, the control model of mine disaster during staggered mining and engineering application. The ongoing dynamic characteristics of staggered mining are mainly studied based on on-site measurement by borehole stress detector and similar simulation platform tests. Uniaxial compression experiments and numerical simulation calculations are widely used to study the energy conversion characteristics of staggered mining. The reasons of mine disasters attributed to fully mechanized mining are summarized as the rapid release of energy accumulated in coal seams and roofs due to large-scale and high-intensity top coal collapse, which leads to a chain reaction of mine disasters such as serious deformation of the surrounding rock, gas overrun, and rock burst. Based on three mine disaster control models for staggered mining, the joint support mechanism of staggered double roadways is explained in surrounding rock environment and plastic development. The gas concentration distribution of staggered mining and fully mechanized mining are explained in porosity and flow field concentration. The energy distribution characteristics of staggered mining and fully mechanized mining are explained in elastic strain energy and dissipation energy. The practical engineering applications of staggered mining are discussed in terms of No. 1411 working face of Huafeng Coal Mine, No. 18111 working face of Zhenchengdi Coal Mine, and No. 5(9) working face of Laogongyingzi Coal Mine. The on-site measurement data show that staggered mining technology can significantly reduce the advance abutment pressure and upper corner gas concentration during face mining, as well as effectively prevent the occurrence of mine disasters. In the future, mine disaster control based on staggered mining still needs more in - depth fundamental research, and detailed research for laws of rock movement and energy evolution in filled staggered goafs, to control the surface subsidence; the technology of comprehensive intelligent mining for staggered faces is to be studied, to ensure safe, green and intelligent mining.

国家自然科学基金项目(51774289,52074291)

王志强,李廷照,林陆,等.错层位开采基础原理与灾害防治应用研究综述[J].煤炭工程,2024,56(10):40-47.