为研究深厚表土层立井井筒偏斜变形规律，以山东郭屯煤矿主副井为例，采用钢丝基线法对其展开多期变形监测；基于井筒多期监测数据，获取井筒偏斜动态信息，结合地质条件与矿区活动，研究井筒偏斜变形时空特征，分析井筒局部参数变化，对比井筒偏斜差异，揭示深厚表土层井筒偏斜变形规律。研究结果表明：受开采注浆等活动影响立井井筒偏斜时间特征可划分为“增−减−稳”3个阶段，空间特征主要表现为基岩层偏斜较小而表土层呈函数状显著变化，井筒与其表土层处偏斜动态近似相等，井筒最大偏斜区域也趋近于井口处；主副井整体向西北采空区偏斜且存在方位上的差异，井筒东西方向整体偏斜占比97%以上，而南北方向仅在20%以下，其与工作面方向上远近距离高度相关；开采扰动引发的深厚表土层水平位移随井筒高度上升而增大是造成井筒偏斜的主要原因。

In order to study the deflection and deformation law of vertical shafts in deep and thick topsoil layer, the main and secondary shafts of Shandong Guotun Coal Mine are taken as the examples, and the wireline baseline method is adopted to carry out multi-period deformation monitoring. Based on the multi-period monitoring data, the dynamic information of shaft deflection was obtained, and combined with the geological conditions and mining activities, the temporal and spatial characteristics of shaft deflection and deformation were investigated to analyze the changes of the local parameters of the shaft, compare the differences in shaft deflection, and reveal the deflection and deformation law of the shafts in deep topsoil layer, which provides a reliable basis for demonstrating the mechanism of shaft deflection and the management of the shafts. The study shows that: the time characteristics of wellbore deflection in vertical wells affected by mining and grouting activities can be divided into three phases of “increasing-decreasing-stabilizing”, and the spatial characteristics are mainly manifested in that the bedrock layer is less deflected, while the topsoil layer shows a function-like significant change, and the dynamics of wellbore and its deflection in the topsoil layer are approximately equal, with the area of the largest wellbore deflection converging to the wellhead; the main and auxiliary wells are inclined to the northwest of the mining area and there is a difference in orientation. The overall inclination of the wellbore in the east-west direction accounts for more than 97%, while that in the north-south direction is only less than 20%, which is highly correlated with the working face direction in terms of the distance between the workings; the horizontal displacement of the deep topsoil layer triggered by the mining disturbance increases with the height of the wellbore, which is the main reason for the deflection of the wellbore.