碳管理(CarbonManagement)技术是实现《巴黎协定》温控目标的重要支柱与实现中国碳中和目标技术组合的关键构成部分。当前,随着全球负排放需求增多,碳管理在主动管理现有工厂设施、难减排部门及大气遗留的二氧化碳排放方面将发挥不可或缺的作用,然而目前关于碳管理领域的科学认识与前沿进展还存在一些模糊与不足。围绕碳管理的内涵与外延、技术细分、全球前沿进展、中美发展态势对比及问题与建议方面进行了深入的分析。研究总结了碳管理的定义及意义、技术体系与碳循环模式;对自然碳管理、主动碳管理、碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)与碳移除(CDR)技术进行了细分讨论;从科学共识,技术发展与国际合作3个方面归纳了当前全球碳管理前沿进展;对比了中国和美国碳管理领域在减排需求、技术跟踪、支持政策和市场投资领域的发展态势;最后从科技研发、政策激励、基础设施与多双边合作4个方面提出了相应的措施建议。研究系统梳理了全球碳管理发展态势与技术前沿进展,为推进我国碳管理战略性技术体系的超前部署和能源系统有序平稳转型下的碳中和目标实现提供参考。

Carbon management technology is an important pillar for achieving the temperature control targets of the Paris Agreement anda key component of China's technology portfolio for achieving its carbon neutrality goals. Currently,as the demand for negative emissionsincreases globally,Carbon management will play an indispensable role in proactively managing carbon dioxide emissions from existingplants and facilities,hard-to-reduce sectors,and atmospheric legacy,but there are still some ambiguities and deficiencies in the currentscientific understanding and cutting-edge advances in the field of carbon management. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of theconnotation and extension of carbon management,technological segmentation,global cutting-edge progress,comparison of developmenttrends between China and the United States,and issues and recommendations. The study summarizes the definition and significance ofcarbon management,technology system and carbon cycle model; discusses the breakdown of natural carbon management,active carbonmanagement, carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) and carbon removal (CDR) technologies; summarizes thecurrent progress of global carbon management frontiers in terms of scientific consensus,technological development and internationalcooperation; and compares the development of carbon management in China and the United States in terms of emission reductiondemand,technological tracking,support policies,and market investment. Finally,the study proposes corresponding measures in terms ofscientific and technological research and development,policy incentives,infrastructure,and bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Thisresearch systematizes the global carbon management development and technological frontiers, provides reference for the advanced deployment of China's carbon management strategic technology system and the achievement of carbon neutrality goals under the orderlyand stable transformation of the energy system.

0 引言

1 碳管理内涵

   1.1 碳管理定义及意义

   1.2 碳管理技术体系

   1.3 碳循环4R模式

2 碳管理技术细分

   2.1 自然碳管理与主动碳管理技术

   2.2 碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)

   2.3 碳移除(CDR)技术

3 全球碳管理前沿进展

   3.1 全球共识不断凝聚

   3.2 碳管理技术进展迅速

   3.3 国际合作热点议题

4 中美碳管理发展态势对比

   4.1 碳管理技术需求

   4.2 碳管理技术发展

   4.3 碳管理支持政策

   4.4 碳管理投资

5 启示与建议