碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术是指能够将二氧化碳从能源利用、工业生产等排放源或生物质利用尾气、空气中等不同碳源捕集分离,并输送到适宜的场地加以利用或封存,最终实现二氧化碳减排的技术组合,是各国实现气候目标所不可或缺的重要技术支撑。碳达峰碳中和目标提出后,中国已初步建立碳达峰碳中和相关政策体系,积极推进各行业深度技术创新和系统性变革。CCUS技术既是可以实现化石能源的大规模低碳利用的重要技术选择,又是推进钢铁、水泥等难减排工业行业深度脱碳的可行技术方案,更是未来抵消剩余温室气体排放的托底技术手段。为实现中美两国气候目标,两国最终需要通过CCUS技术实现每年数十亿吨的二氧化碳减排量。美国是全球CCUS技术的先行者之一,在政策法规制定、基础设施建设、大规模工程运营方面具有相对优势。为支撑净零排放目标,美国通过一系列卓有成效的财税激励机制加快了CCUS项目大规模部署进展,相关经验值得借鉴。文章通过比较中美两国在CCUS技术领域的潜力需求、政策法规、研发示范等情况,为我国CCUS技术及配套政策环境发展提供参考,并提出中美在CCUS技术领域开展合作的潜在方向。

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) refers to a set of technologies that capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from sourceslike energy production, industrial processes, biomass combustion, and directly from the atmosphere. This CO2 is then transported tosuitable sites where it is either utilized or stored, effectively reducing emissions. CCUS plays a critical role in helping countries achieve theirclimate goals by enabling significant reductions in CO2 emissions across various sectors. It is an essential technological support for globalclimate action. After China’s carbon neutrality goal was proposed, the country has established a policy framework relating to the targets.China is actively promoting deep technological innovation and systemic transformation across various industries to meet these climateobjectives. CCUS is a major solution for enabling large-scale, low-carbon use of fossil fuels, providing a feasible pathway for deepdecarbonization in hard-to-abate industries such as steel and cement. Additionally, it serves as a crucial technology for offsetting residualgreenhouse gas emissions in the future, supporting long-term climate goals. To achieve the climate goals of both China and the UnitedStates, both countries ultimately need to achieve annual reductions of billions of tons of carbon dioxide through CCUS technology. The United States is currently leading global practice in CCUS development, with relative advantages in policy development, infrastructure, and large-scale project operations. To support its net-zero emissions goals, the U.S. has accelerated the large-scale deployment of CCUS projects through effective fiscal and tax incentives. These experiences provide valuable insights for other countries looking to advance CCUS initiatives. By comparing the potential demand, policies, regulations, and R&D demonstrations in the field of CCUS technology between China and the United States, this article provides references for the development of CCUS technology and its supporting policy environment in China, and proposes potential directions for cooperation between China and the United States in the field of CCUS technology.

0 引言

1 CCUS成为中美两国应对气候变化技术选择

2 中美CCUS技术发展现状

   2.1 美国CCUS技术成熟度现状

   2.2 美国CCUS项目运行现状

   2.3 中国CCUS技术成熟度现状

   2.4 中国CCUS运营现状

3 中美CCUS政策环境

   3.1 美国CCUS政策环境

   3.2 中国CCUS政策环境

4 结论与建议

   4.1结论

   4.2 建议