Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy andEnvironment, Southeast University
School of Marine Science andEngineering, Hainan University
Institute of Chemical Industry ofForest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry

超级电容器因其比能量高、稳定性好等优异性能,被视为一种具有广阔发展前景的先进储能装置。近年来,开发新型高性能超级电容器受到了学者们的广泛关注。作为超级电容器重要组成部分之一,电极材料对超级电容器性能具有关键性影响。基于生物质资源丰富、廉价易得以及碳中和等优点,工程生物炭不仅具备可再生、低成本和环境友好等特性,还具有发达的孔结构、丰富的官能团及优异的稳定性。因此,高性能工程生物炭基超级电容器的研发成为了当前研究的焦点。梳理生物质基工程生物炭材料作为超级电容器电极材料的最新研究进展,讨论炭化、活化和杂原子掺杂等电极材料制备过程的基本原理。另外,借助于机器学习方法阐述高性能工程生物炭电极材料的性能精准预测原理和结构高效构筑机制,以揭示工程生物炭材料特性与超级电容器性能之间存在的内在关联。最后,总结生物质基工程生物炭材料应用于高效储能系统所面临的挑战与前景,同时为其商业化应用发展提供参考。

Supercapacitors are widely considered as advanced energy storage devices with vastdevelopment prospects due to their excellent properties, including high specific energy and good cyclicstability. Recently, the development of novel and high-performance supercapacitors has attractedextensive attention. As one of the key components, the electrode material has a significant impact on theEnergy Environmental Protectionelectrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Engineering biochar not only has natural advantagessuch as renewability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental-friendliness but also possesses well-developed properties, including pore structure, functional group, and cyclic stability. Therefore,numerous investigations have been conducted to develop high-performance engineered biochar-basedsupercapacitors. This review provides an overview of emerging synthesis routes for engineered biochar-based electrode materials and discusses recent advances in various synthesis approaches, offeringdeeper and more comprehensive information on engineered biochar-based supercapacitors. Machinelearning (ML)-based predictions and inverse designs have contributed to the innovation of engineeredbiochar-based electrode materials for high-performance applications, clarifying the inherentmechanisms and complex relationships between the properties of engineering biochar and theelectrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Finally, detailed assessments from perspectives ofenvironmental benefits and economic feasibilities are proposed as science-based guidelines forindustries and policymakers. The main existing challenges and solutions of engineered biochar-basedenergy storage systems are discussed, aiming to accelerate commercial applications of engineeredbiochar-based supercapacitors.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB4203704)

范瑞博,陈亮,薛北辰,等.生物质基工程生物炭材料应用于超级电容器:现状、挑战及前景[J].能源环境保护,2024,38(6):13−24.

FAN Ruibo, CHEN Liang, XUE Beichen, et al. Transforming biomass into engineered biochar materials forhigh-performance supercapacitors: Recent advances, challenges, and prospects[J]. Energy EnvironmentalProtection, 2024, 38(6): 13−24.