从岩层控制理论、监测预警技术及装备、矿压规律及数据分析、防控手段等方面系统地阐述了当前我国煤矿开采工作面顶板灾害方面的研究现状。当前工作面顶板灾害依然是制约我国煤矿安全生产的重要因素, 近两年来无论是顶板灾害起数还是伤亡人数, 均呈明显上升的趋势, 顶板灾害防控依然严峻。在矿压基础理论研究方面, 国内科研人员相继提出了“砌体梁”、“传递岩梁”、“组合悬臂梁–铰接岩梁”、“切落体”和“分区支撑理论”等力学结构模型, 明确了不同岩层赋存条件下顶板灾害致灾机理; 在顶板灾害监测预警方面, 我国煤矿已经开始摆脱传统单一的近场矿压监测, 逐步向工作面近、远场顶板状态联合实时监测、动态感知、协同预警发展, 实现矿压监测系统监测近场支架工作阻力、顶板下沉量、煤体应力等, 微震监测系统监测工作面远场上覆岩层顶板断裂位置和能量大小; 在矿压规律及数据分析方面, 总结了浅埋深、坚硬顶板、非坚硬顶板不同围岩赋存状态下工作面矿压规律, 明确了各条件下支架工作阻力的增阻特性; 在顶板灾害防治方面, 针对不同围岩赋存条件下易发生的顶板灾害类型, 形成了相对应的顶板灾害防治技术, 针对矿压显现较强烈, 容易发生顶板灾害的坚硬顶板矿井, 通过顶板深孔爆破、浅孔水力压裂、井下定向区域水力压裂、地面水力压裂等技术, 有效地预防了顶板灾害的发生。总体而言, 我国工作面顶板灾害防控理论及技术体系仍在不断完善, 随着新技术的不断发展和智能化矿井的建设, 顶板灾害的智能预警及联动防控将获得更大的发展。

The paper systematically review the state of art of roof disasters in coal mining faces in China, mainly focusing on strata control theory, monitoring and early warning technology and equipment, mine pressure laws and data analysis, and control measures. To date, the roof disaster of themining face is still an important factor restricting the safe production of coal mines in China. In the past two years, both the number of roof disasters and the number of casualties have shown an obvious upward trend, and the prevention and control of roof disasters is still severe. In the field of basic theoretical research on mining pressure, researchers have successively proposed mechanical structural models in China, such as "masonry beam", "transferring rock beam", "combined suspended beam-hinged rock beam", "cutting block", and "zoning support theory ", clarifying the disaster mechanism of roof disasters under different rock strata conditions; In the aspect of roof disaster monitoring and early warning, China's coal mines have begun to get rid of the traditional single near-field mine pressure monitoring. Instead, the real-time monitoring, dynamic perception and cooperative early warning of the near and far field roof states of the working face have gradually developed. This improvement helps to establish the mine pressure monitoring system to monitor the working resistance of the support, roof subsidence, coal stress in the near field, and the microseismic monitoring system to monitor the fracture location and energy of the roof of the overlying strata in the far field. In the aspects of mine pressure law and data analysis, the mine pressure law of mining face under different surrounding rock conditions of shallow buried depth, hard roof and non-hard roof is summarized, and the increasing characteristics of working resistance of support under various conditions are clarified. In roof disaster prevention and control, the corresponding roof disaster prevention technology is formed according to the roof disaster types. For the hard roof mine with strong mine pressure and high probability to roof disaster, roof deep-hole blasting, shallow-hole hydraulic fracturing, underground directional area hydraulic fracturing, surface hydraulic fracturing and other technologies are implemented to effectively prevent the occurrence of roof disasters. Generally speaking, the theory and technical system of roof disaster prevention and control of mining face in China is still being improved. With the continuous development of the new technology and the construction of intelligent mine, the intelligent early warning and joint prevention and control of roof disaster will foster great development.