我国露天矿岩质边坡规模大、数量多，易受到复杂地质地形、自然及工程扰动等多因素影响而导致滑坡灾害频发，特别是我国西北地区，复杂地形与地质构造、恶劣的气候及环境、长期的工程扰动等，致使滑坡灾害频发，给人民生命与财产安全带来严重威胁。针对以上问题，从露天矿岩质边坡特征岩体宏细观损伤演化视角出发，采用工程现场调研、理论分析、室内试验研究等多方位研究手段，综合了岩石力学、土力学等理论和方法，以新疆寒区某露天矿高陡岩质边坡为研究对象，根据实际工程地质环境特征，开展潜滑区岩体冻融损伤试验、裂隙岩体冻胀力演化试验、单轴压缩试验研究，探析不同倾角(0°、25°、50°、75°)裂隙岩体在不同冻融循环条件下的质量损失、波速衰减以及冻胀力演化特征，揭示裂隙岩体在不同载荷条件下的强度时效特征，以及冻融循环条件下力学特性演化规律。在此基础上，结合声发射裂隙场监测试验研究，阐明边坡岩体最终破裂模式以及在变形及破坏过程中的裂纹形态与扩展宏细观机理。结果表明：在冻融循环作用下(0、10、20、30次)，岩体饱和质量呈先增后减、纵波波速呈减速衰减趋势；冻胀力演化分为孕育段、起胀段、稳定段、二次起胀段、消融段5个阶段，且冻胀力产生、达到峰值所需时间以及峰值大小与裂隙倾角均呈正相关，裂隙倾角0°、25°、50°、75°岩样峰值冻胀力分别为3.68、3.88、4.04、4.13 MPa。冻胀作用使岩体承受反复张拉作用而强度下降，是该寒区边坡失稳的重要诱因；岩体单轴压缩应力−应变关系、裂纹体积应变趋势大致相同，分为微裂隙闭合、弹性变形、屈服、裂隙加速扩展以及峰后5个典型阶段。岩体抗压强度与弹性模量随冻融次数增加呈线性下降趋势，随裂隙倾角增大而线性上升。由岩样最终破裂形态及基于混合高斯模型的细观裂纹分类可知，岩样细观破裂以张拉为主，最多达到54.2%，其次为混合裂纹，最多达到42.3%。随着冻融次数的增加(20～30次)，细观混合裂纹比例增加，剪切裂纹减少，宏观破坏模式表现为张拉与剪切的混合破坏。

There are numerous large-scale rock slopes in the surface mines of China, which are easily affected by multiple factors such as complex geological topography and natural, engineering disturbances, thereby resulting in frequent landslide disasters. Especially in northwest China, the landslides in surface mines occur frequently due to the complicated topographical and geological structures, harsh climate and environment, as well as long-term engineering disturbance, which seriously threaten miner’s life and property safety. From the perspective of macro-micro damage evolution of characteristic slope rock masses, this study conducted the freeze-thaw test, the frost heave force evolution test, and the uniaxial compression test of fractured rock masses in the potential landslide area, based on the actual engineering geological and environmental characteristics of high-steep rock slope at an surface mine in Xinjiang province. Where multi-faceted research approaches including engineering field investigation, theoretical analysis and laboratory experimental research were adopted, and the theories and methods of rock mechanics and soil mechanics were integrated. Through these tests, the mass loss, wave velocity attenuation and frost heave force evolution characteristics of fractured rock masses with different inclinations (0°, 25°, 50°, 75°) were analyzed under different freeze-thaw cycles, and the strength and aging characteristics of fractured rock masses under different load conditions, along with the evolution of their mechanical properties under different freeze-thaw cycles were revealed. On this basis, combined with the synchronous acoustic emission test, the final rock fracture mode, the morphology and macro-micro propagation mechanisms of cracks during the rock deformation and failure process were expounded. The results show that under the action of freeze-thaw cycles (0, 10, 20, 30 times), the saturation mass of rock masses increased first and then decreased, while the P-wave velocity showed a decelerated decay. The evolution of frost heave force could be divided into five stages: the incubation stage, the heaving stage, the stabilization stage, the secondary heaving stage and the melting stage. Moreover, the generation of frost heave force, the time required to reach peak and the peak values were all positively correlated with the fracture inclination. The peak values of frost heave forces of rock samples with crack inclinations (0°, 25°, 50°, 75°) are 3.68, 3.88, 4.04, 4.13 MPa, respectively. The frost heave effect resulted in a decreased strength of rock masses due to the repeated tensioning action, which was a major cause of slope instability in this cold region. The stress-strain relationship of rock masses under uniaxial compression and the trend of crack volume strain were roughly the same, which could be divided into five typical stages: the microfracture closure stage, the elastic deformation stage, the yield stage, the crack acceleration stage and the post-peak stage. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock masses decreased linearly with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, while increased linearly with the increase of fracture inclination. According to the final fracture morphology of rock samples and the Gaussian mixture model-based classification of microcracks, the tensile fracture was the predominant microfracture mode of rock samples (up to 54.2%), followed by the mixed mode (up to 42.3%). With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles (20–30 times), the proportion of mixed-mode microcracks increased and that of shear cracks decreased. Moreover, the macroscopic failure mode was the mixed tensile–shear failure.