在巷道内应用超细雾化降尘技术后可大幅提高降尘效率，但易使巷道能见度下降，造成安全隐患。针对这一问题，通过建立雾滴蒸发—弥散模型，研究了粒径、环境温度、相对湿度及风速对雾滴蒸发—弥散特性的影响规律。结果表明：随着雾滴粒径的减小，其完全蒸发时间缩短，且缩短速率逐渐增大，当雾滴粒径由200 μm减小至20 μm后，其完全蒸发时间由7.350 0 s缩短至0.001 9 s，缩短了99.97%；随着环境温度升高、相对湿度降低，雾滴蒸发速率增大，当温度由5 ℃升至30 ℃时，粒径20 μm的雾滴完全蒸发时间减少了80.0%，相对湿度达到80%后雾滴蒸发速率迅速减小；随着风速的增大，雾滴弥散距离增加，粒径小于20 μm的超细雾滴是弥散雾滴的主要组成部分。在井下煤巷实测了雾滴弥散特性，随着巷道距离的增加，雾滴平均粒径与体积、数量浓度均逐渐减小，当扩散距离达到45 m后迅速减小，大粒径雾滴逐渐沉降，小粒径雾滴在巷道内弥散；巷道截面中心位置是雾滴聚积的区域，是影响巷道能见度的关键位置。

The application of ultrafine fogging and dustfall technology in underground tunnels greatly enhances dustfall efficiency. However, it may lead to reduced visibility in the roadway, creating safety risks. To solve this problem, by establishing the evaporation-dispersion model, the influence of particle size, environmental temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity on the evaporation and dispersion characteristics of droplets was investigated. The results show that: with the decrease of the droplet particle size, the complete evaporation time is shortened, and the shortening rate is gradually increased. When the droplet size decreases from 200 μm to 20 μm, the complete evaporation time shortens from 7.350 0 s to 0.001 9 s, wihich means a reduction of 99.97%. Additionally, as environmental temperature increases and relative humidity decreases, droplet evaporation rates increase. When the temperature increases from 5 ℃ to 30 ℃, the complete evaporation time for droplets with a particle size of 20 μm was reduced by 80.0%. The rate of droplet evaporation decreases rapidly after the relative humidity reaches 80%. With the increase of wind speed, the distance of droplet dispersion was increased. Ultrafine droplets with a particle size of less than 20 μm were the main component of dispersed droplets. Fog droplet dispersion characteristics were measured in an underground coal tunnel. With the increase of roadway distance, the average particle size, volume concentration, and number concentration of fog droplets decreased gradually, and then decreased rapidly after reaching 45 m. Large particle size droplets settled gradually, and small particle size droplets dispersed in the roadway. The center of the roadway cross-section is the area where fog droplets accumulate, which is the key position that affects the visibility of roadway.