为系统监测淮南矿区采煤沉陷积水区土地复垦与生态修复工程实施成效,采用2016—2024年间Landsat系列卫星遥感影像数据进行多维度评估。首先基于随机森林分类算法实现研究区主要地表覆被类型的高精度提取;继而通过遥感生态指数(RSEI)模型量化各年份生态环境质量综合指数,并采用0.2阈值间隔的截断分级法进行生态质量等级划分。研究结果表明:矿区耕地生态环境质量维持稳定,而沉陷积水区则呈现显著生态退化特征;2016—2024年间,淮南矿区的生态环境质量整体呈下降趋势,特别是在积水区域,这种变化更加显著;空间异质性分析揭示,城镇建设扩张、采矿活动扰动及地表形变引发的积水区扩展是导致生态质量空间分异的关键驱动因素;基于矿井单元的空间异质性评估表明,朱集东矿、丁集矿、潘四东井和顾桥矿等4个矿井单元在工程干预下维持相对优良的生态质量水平。研究为矿区生态修复工程绩效评估提供了科学方法支撑。

To monitor the implementation effectiveness of the land reclamation and ecological restoration project in the waterlogged area due to coal mining subsidence in the Huainan mining area, this study used Landsat series satellite remote sensing imagery data from to for multi-dimensional evaluation. First, the random forest classification algorithm was used to achieve high-precision extraction of the main land cover types in the study area. Then, the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) model was employed to quantify the comprehensive index of ecological environment quality for each year, and the ecological quality grade was divided by the threshold grading method with a 0. 2 interval. The research results show that: the ecological environment quality of the arable land in the mining area remains stable, while the waterlogged area shows significant ecological degradation characteristics; from to 2024, the ecological environment quality of the Huainan mining area has shown a downward trend, especially in the waterlogged areas, where the change is more significant; spatial heterogeneity analysis reveals that the expansion of urban construction, disturbance of mining activities, and surface deformation -induced expansion of waterlogged areas are the key driving factors leading to the spatial differentiation of ecological quality; the spatial heterogeneity assessment based on the mine unit shows that four mine units, namely Zhujidong Mine, Dingji Mine, Pansidong Mine, and Guqiao Mine, have maintained a relatively good ecological quality level under project intervention. This study provides scientific method support for the performance evaluation of ecological restoration projects in mining areas.