我国西部浅埋煤层保水开采的核心理念是保护生态水位,保水开采岩层控制的理论基础是隔水层的稳定性。基于陕北浅埋煤层煤水赋存条件,通过物理模拟和地裂缝实测分析,揭示了浅埋煤层隔水岩组的"上行裂隙"和"下行裂隙"发育规律,发现了"上行裂隙"和"下行裂隙"的导通性决定着隔水岩组的隔水性。通过理论分析,给出了"上行裂隙带"发育高度和"下行裂隙带"发育深度的计算公式,建立了以隔水岩组厚度与采高之比(隔采比)为指标的隔水岩组隔水性判据。据此,提出了保水开采分类方法,基于神府矿区条件给出了分类指标范围。

The core idea of the shallow buried coal seams in Western China is to protect the ecological water level. The theoretical basis of the strata control in water conservation mining is the stability of the water resisting layer. According to simulation model tests and mining surface cracks observation,it reveals that the cracks of overburden strata induced by mining are mainly composed of “upwards cracks” and “downward cracks”. The water resisting property of overbur- den aquifer layer depends on the interpenetration of mining cracks band. The calculation formulas of the height of up- ward crack zone and the developing depth of downward crack zone are set up. Based on the thickness of the water re- sisting strata to the mining height,so-called resisting-mining thickness ratio,the water resisting criterion is established, and the classification method of water conservation mining is also put forward. Based on the overburden condition of Yushenfu mining area,the classification index range for the water conservation mining in shallow buried coal seam is suggested.