煤的润湿性对煤层注水及防尘有重要意义。为研究表面活性剂对煤尘表面润湿性的影响机理，以贵州矿区无烟煤为研究对象开展煤尘沉降实验，优选润湿实验煤样效果最佳的表面活性剂溶液，借助红外光谱实验及Zeta电位测定实验，探索表面活性剂作用下煤表面润湿性的变化规律。研究结果表明：实验所用4种表面活性剂均能大幅度提高煤尘润湿性；其中，质量分数为1%的APG润湿煤尘的效果最佳；改性后，实验煤样亲水基团和疏水基团均增加，但亲水基团增量明显大于疏水基团，说明表面活性剂改性对亲水基团的影响更显著，有利于提高煤尘表面的亲水性；改性后，实验煤样表面负电性增强约7.68倍，引起双电层中剪切面滑向液面，同时强化含氧官能团与水分子之间的偶极作用力，导致水化层增厚，煤样表面润湿性得以改善。

The wettability of coal is of great significance to coal seam water injection and dust prevention. In order to study the influence mechanism of surfactant on the wettability of coal dust surface, the coal dust deposition experiment was carried out with the anthracite in Guizhou mining areas as the research object, and the surfactant solution with the best wetting effect was selected. With the help of infrared spectroscopy experiment and Zeta potential measurement experiment, the change law of coal surface wettability under the action of surfactants was explored. The results show that: the four surfactants used in the experiment can greatly improve the wettability of coal dust. Among them, 1% APG has the best wetting effect on coal dust; after modification, the hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups of the experimental coal samples increased, but the increase of hydrophilic groups was significantly greater than that of hydrophobic groups. It shows that the effect of surfactant modification on hydrophilic groups is more significant, which is beneficial to improve the hydrophilicity of coal dust surface; after modification, the surface negative charge of the experimental coal sample increased by about 7.68 times, causing the shear surface in the electric double layer to slide to the liquid surface, and strengthening the dipole force between the oxygen-containing functional groups and the water molecules, resulting in the thickening of the hydration layer and the improvement of the surface wettability of the coal sample.