针对目前考虑时序信息的Petri网故障诊断模型复杂、自动建模困难的问题，提出了一种基于故障枚举树生成模糊Petri网的变电站故障诊断方法。为了完备地遍历变电站系统中各故障组合场景，提出了一种基于广度优先搜索的故障枚举树遍历方法，实现了变电站一二次故障组合的快速遍历仿真。基于仿真结果建立变电站模糊时序Petri网故障诊断模型，通过并行推理计算实现变电站故障快速诊断。在CloudPSS云仿真平台建立典型110 kV变电站的一二次联动仿真算例进行测试，结果表明：该方法将保护设备和断路器的动作时限信息计入故障推理过程，考虑在经典Petri 网模型的矩阵运算推理基础上加入动作时限与告警信息的时间戳比对计算，因此在部分告警信息失真的情况下依然有较好的诊断效果；该方法可在保证故障诊断准确性的情况下应用于更加复杂的二次保护系统；采用并行分层矩阵推理算法，提升了诊断模型的推理效率，具有较高实用价值；在推理计算过程中对置信度增加了修正步骤，更加充分地考虑了保护拒动或误动及告警信息误报或漏报对故障诊断的影响，对于复杂故障情况有更高的容错性。

To address the issues of complexity and difficulty of automatic modeling in Petri net fault diagnosis models that incorporate temporal information, a fault diagnosis method for substations based on generating fuzzy Petri nets from fault enumeration trees is proposed. To comprehensively traverse all fault combination scenarios in the substation system, a fault enumeration tree traversal method based on Breadth-First Search (BFS) was developed, enabling the rapid simulation of primary and secondary fault combinations in substations. Based on the simulation results, a fuzzy temporal Petri net fault diagnosis model for substations was established, and parallel inference was employed for fast fault diagnosis. Primary and secondary interconnected simulation for a typical 110 kV substation was tested on the CloudPSS cloud simulation platform. The test results indicated that the proposed method incorporated the action time limit information of protection devices and circuit breakers into the fault inference process. By comparing the timestamps for action time limits and alarm information, alongside matrix operations in the classical Petri net model, the method demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, even in the case of distorted alarm information. This approach could be applied to more complex secondary protection systems while ensuring fault diagnosis accuracy. The parallel hierarchical matrix inference algorithm improved the inference efficiency of the diagnostic model, providing significant practical value. Additionally, the inference process included a confidence correction step, which more thoroughly considered the impact of protection failures, false trips, and misreported or omitted alarm information on fault diagnosis, improving fault tolerance in complex fault scenarios.