综采工作面采煤机在截割煤体时会产生明显的湍流风，使得采煤区风速发生变化，诱导煤尘颗粒向人行道区域横向扩散。为探究截割湍流风对截割煤尘横向扩散规律的影响，采用多重参考系（MRF）模型对滚筒旋转割煤进行仿真，对不同割煤状态下综采工作面风流−煤尘耦合运移规律进行数值模拟，得到工作面风流分布与煤尘浓度分布的关系。为降低截割湍流风对煤尘横向扩散的影响，提出一种采煤机尘源跟踪喷雾降尘系统，通过安装在支架顶梁或前探梁上的喷雾装置在采煤机滚筒与人行道间形成雾幕，削弱截割湍流风的扰动作用，阻隔煤尘颗粒横向扩散，实现对滚筒截割尘源的动态跟踪。仿真结果表明，不同割煤状态下滚筒转动产生的截割湍流风使风流向人行道区域发生偏移，当滚筒转速为29.29 r/min、系统风速为1.40 m/s时，其横向偏移分速度可超过0.54 m/s，并使煤尘颗粒向人行道区域扩散，出现浓度超过300 mg/m³的煤尘团，尤其是顺风割煤时煤尘横向扩散更为明显，人行道处煤尘浓度达385.12 mg/m³。现场测试结果表明，采煤机尘源跟踪喷雾降尘技术的降尘率达83.68%，且单个喷洒点的待机能耗低于10 W。

The shearer in a fully mechanized mining face generates significant turbulent airflow during coal cutting, resulting in changes in airflow velocity in the mining area and causing the lateral dispersion of coal dust particles toward pavements. To investigate the effect of cutting-induced turbulent airflow on the lateral dispersion of coal dust, the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) model was applied to simulate drum rotation during coal cutting. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the coupled transport patterns of airflow and coal dust under different coal cutting conditions, revealing the relationship between airflow distribution and coal dust concentration distribution in the mining face. To reduce the impact of cutting-induced turbulent airflow on the lateral dispersion of coal dust, a dust source tracking and spray dust suppression system for the shearer was proposed. The system formed a mist curtain between the shearer drum and the pavements using spray devices installed on the canopy or the front cantilever beam of the support. It effectively mitigated the disturbance caused by turbulent airflow, prevented the lateral dispersion of coal dust particles, and enabled dynamic tracking of the dust source generated by drum cutting. The simulation results showed that the turbulent airflow generated by drum rotation under different cutting conditions caused airflow to shift laterally toward the pavements. When the drum rotation speed reached 29.29 r/min and the system airflow velocity was 1.40 m/s, the lateral velocity shift exceeded 0.54 m/s, causing coal dust particles to diffuse into the pavements and resulting in coal dust concentrations exceeding 300 mg/m³. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced during downwind coal cutting, where the coal dust concentration in the pedestrian area reached 385.12 mg/m³. Field test results indicated that the dust source tracking and spray dust suppression technology for the shearer achieved a dust suppression efficiency of 83.68%, while the standby power consumption of a single spray point remained below 10 W.