岩石损伤破裂是一个从微观到细观到宏观的多尺度链动损伤破裂过程。明确岩石不同尺度损伤特征并建立多尺度损伤的定量化关系对复杂环境下岩石多尺度损伤劣化机理研究至关重要。近年来，研究人员针对复杂环境下岩石多尺度损伤机理开展大量的研究工作，并取得了一定的研究成果。本文从岩石多尺度损伤特征、不同尺度损伤识别与定量化表征、多尺度损伤量效关系3个方面系统评述了岩石多尺度损伤研究进展。首先，总结了岩石微观、细观、宏观损伤特征，分析了岩石多尺度累积损伤破裂过程；其次，基于岩石多尺度损伤特征，系统评述岩石微观、细观和宏观损伤的识别方法以及不同尺度损伤的定量化表征方法，分析了岩石微观−细观−宏观损伤量效关系确定方法；最后，从多尺度损伤识别、定量化表征、量效关系确定方面分析了岩石多尺度损伤研究中存在的不足，提出了从：开发适用于多场耦合环境的岩石微细观损伤实时识别设备，建立岩石三维空间多尺度损伤协同智能化定量表征方法，构建完善的岩石微−细−宏观多尺度损伤量效关系研究体系，丰富创新岩石多尺度损伤理论几方面开展岩石多尺度损伤研究。

Rock damage and rupture is a multi-scale chain damage rupture process from microscopic to mesoscopic to macroscopic. It is essential to clarify the damage characteristics of rock at different scales and establish the quantitative relationships of multi-scale damage in complex environments. In recent years, researchers have carried out a lot of research work on the multi-scale damage mechanism of rock in complex environments, and achieving certain research results. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of multi-scale damage of rock from three aspects: the characteristics of multi-scale damage of rock, identification and quantitative characterization of damage at different scales, and the quantity-response relationship of multi-scale damage. Firstly, the microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic damage characteristics of rock were summarized, and the multi-scale cumulative damage fracture process of rock was analyzed. Secondly, based on the characteristics of multi-scale damage of rock, the identification methods of microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic damage of rock and the quantitative characterization methods of damage at different scales were systematically reviewed, and the methods for determining the quantity-response relationship between microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic damage of rock were analyzed. Finally, the deficiencies in the research of rock multi-scale damage were analyzed from the aspects of multi-scale damage identification, quantitative characterization, and determination of quantity-response relationship. Proposing to carry out the research on rock multi-scale damage from the following aspects: developing rock micro-meso damage identification equipment highly integrated with the environment, establishing a collaborative intelligent quantitative characterization method for multi-scale damage in the three-dimensional space of rock, constructing a complete quantity-response relationship for micro-meso-macro rock damage, and enriching and innovating the theory of multi-scale rock damage.