甲烷是长效温室气体之一，其增温潜势是CO₂的28倍，约占全球变暖效应的16%。煤炭生产活动是中国甲烷排放的主要来源之一，作为中国主要的煤炭生产基地之一，山西省煤炭行业排放了大量甲烷。利用高分辨率遥感数据对山西省煤炭行业的甲烷排放进行估算，可以为建立精细化的煤炭行业甲烷排放清单奠定数据基础，并为制定有效的减排措施提供科学依据。利用我国高分五号02星搭载的先进高光谱成像仪(AHSI)，使用2021年10月—2023年3月的数据，探测到山西省煤炭行业等408个厂矿的838个甲烷羽流，并计算各羽流的排放速率。结果显示：① 山西省煤炭行业的甲烷羽流排放速率呈现出非对称性，84%的羽流的排放速率在0.5～3.0 t/h，但也有少数极端情况，最高的排放速率超过10.0 t/h。② 山西省有6个煤炭行业甲烷点源排放密集区，其中5个密集区与XCH₄的高值区域相对应。③ 检测到甲烷排放点源，以煤矿和焦化企业为最多。不同类型的排放源甲烷平均排放速率差异性较大，且排放速率会随时间和排放源的变化而波动。煤炭行业的各个环节都可能存在甲烷排放。④ 高度持续性排放源虽然只占所有点源的13%，但其贡献了41%的总排放速率。相反，高度间断性排放源虽然占了59%，但其只贡献了25%的总排放速率。全山西煤炭行业的甲烷综合排放速率为177.17±56.35 t/h，主要由煤矿类、焦化类和火电类企业的甲烷排放构成。

Methane is one of the long-lived greenhouse gases, with a global warming potential 28 times that of carbon dioxide, accounting for about 16% of the global warming effect. Coal production activities are one of the main sources of methane emissions in China. As one of the main coal production bases in China, Shanxi Province’s coal industry emits a large amount of methane. Using the high-resolution remote sensing data to estimate the methane emission from the coal industry in Shanxi Province can lay a data foundation for establishing a refined methane emission inventory of the coal industry and provide scientific basis for formulating effective emission reduction measures. Using the Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI) carried by China’s GF–5–02 satellite, 838 methane plumes from 408 factories and mines in Shanxi Province’s coal mining areas were detected and their emission rates were calculated using data from October 2021 to March 2023. The results show that: ① the methane plume emission rate in Shanxi Province’s coal mining areas shows asymmetry, with 84% of the plumes having emission rates between 0.5～3.0 t/h, but there are also a few extreme cases, with the highest emission rate exceeding 10.0 t/h.② Shanxi Province has six dense areas of point source emissions of methane, five of which correspond to the high-value areas of XCH₄. ③ Methane emission point sources are detected, with coal mines and coking enterprises being the majority of emission sources. The average emission rate of different types of emission sources differs greatly, and the emission rate fluctuates with time and source changes. Methane emissions may occur in all stages of the coal mining. ④ Highly persistent emission sources account for only 13% of all point sources, but contribute 41% of the total emission rate. Conversely, highly intermittent emission sources account for 59%, but contribute only 25% of the total emission rate. The comprehensive methane emission rate of the coal industry in Shanxi Province is 177.17±56.35 t/h, mainly contributed by the methane emissions from coal mines, coking and thermal power enterprises.