深部岩体工程多处于高水压高地应力环境中，在爆破等动态扰动作用下易引起涌突水和围岩体失稳等灾害事故，研究水压力与地应力共同作用下岩石能量演化及破坏特性具有重要的理论和工程实践意义。利用自主研制的高水压高应力岩石动力学试验系统，对具有不同水压力和轴向静应力红砂岩试件进行相同冲击荷载下的冲击试验。分析岩石动态应力−应变曲线、能量反射率、能量透射率和能量耗散率随水压力和轴向静应力的演化规律，表征岩石能量耗散率的应变率效应；对冲击作用后的岩石进行筛分与纵波波速测定，计算其分形维数与损伤变量，探究不同水压力与轴向静应力对岩石(体)损伤、破碎特性的影响规律。结果表明：随着水压力的增加，反射波幅值越来越小，透射波幅值越来越大；岩石动态应力−应变曲线由Ⅰ型向Ⅱ型转变。红砂岩能量反射率随水压力的增加先快速减小后缓慢变化；能量透射率随水压力的增加呈指数函数关系递增，且轴向静应力影响二者之间的变化趋势；随着水压力由零逐渐增大，能量耗散率呈先短暂增加后持续减小的趋势，二者之间服从良好的高斯函数关系；轴向静应力影响岩石能量耗散率与水压力之间的演化路径，轴向静应力越大，能量耗散率增加，能量耗散率增加趋势随水压力增大呈先增后减变化。红砂岩能量耗散率具有明显的应变率效应，随着应变率的增加，红砂岩能量耗散率整体上先增加后减小。随着水压力的增加，红砂岩动态损伤变量逐渐减小，破碎分形维数呈“缓慢减小—短暂增加—急剧降低至零”的变化趋势；破碎分形维数短暂增加时的水压力随轴向静应力的增大呈一次函数增加。

Deep underground project takes place in an environment characterised by high water pressure and geostress. This poses a significant risk of disasters such as water surges and destabilisation of the peripheral rock body, especially under dynamic disturbances such as blasting. It is of paramount importance to investigate the evolution of rock energy and the damage characteristics resulting from the joint action of water pressure and geostress, both in theory and in engineering practice. Impact tests were conducted on red sandstone specimens using a self-developed rock dynamics test system that employs high hydraulic pressure and high stress. The specimens were subjected to various hydraulic pressures and axial static stresses while maintaining the same impact load. The resulting dynamic stress-strain curves were analysed to determine the evolution of energy reflectance, energy transmittance and energy dissipation rate with respect to water pressure and axial static stress. Furthermore, the strain rate effect on the energy dissipation rate of the rock was characterised. The rocks after impact were screened and the longitudinal wave velocity was measured, its fractal dimension and damage variables were determined, and the effects of varying water pressure and axial static stress on the rock (mass)'s damage and crushing properties were investigated. The findings indicate that as water pressure increases, the amplitude of reflected waves decreases whilst that of transmitted waves increases. Furthermore, the stress-strain curves of rocks transform from type I to type II. In addition, the reflectance of energy from red sandstone decreases rapidly at first before changing gradually as water pressure increases. The transmittance of energy, on the other hand, increases exponentially as the water pressure increases, and the axial static stress impacts the correlation between the two. As water pressure gradually increases from zero, the rate of energy dissipation initially increases briefly before continuously decreasing. The correlation between the two variables follows a reliable Gaussian function. Axial static stress impacts the relationship between the rate of energy dissipation in rocks and water pressure. As the axial static stress increases, so does the rate of energy dissipation. Additionally, the trend of increasing energy dissipation rate follows an increase and then a decrease in water pressure. The red sandstone energy dissipation rate displays a clear strain rate effect, whereby an increase in strain rate results in an overall increase followed by a decrease in the red sandstone energy dissipation rate. As water pressure increases, the dynamic damage of red sandstone decreases gradually. Furthermore, the fractal dimension depicts a trend of "gradual decrease-transient increase-sharp decrease to zero". Water pressure increases transiently as the fractal dimension of breakage increases in response to an increase in the axial static stress.