针对煤矿地面水力压裂防冲机理不明、防冲效果评价方法缺失问题，以孟村煤矿401102工作面水力压裂施工为研究背景，采用理论分析、现场监测、颗粒流数值模拟等方法，研究了地面水力压裂后采场覆岩结构与厚硬关键层运动形式及过程调控机制，分析了实施地面水力压裂后厚硬关键层运动形式及过程变化诱发动载荷扰动影响特征与覆岩结构变化对采掘空间静载积聚程度影响特征，揭示了煤矿地面水力压裂防冲机理，提出了煤矿地面水力压裂防冲效果评价方法并进行了应用，结论如下：地面水力压裂施工将完整的厚硬岩层沿主压裂缝破断为多个压裂岩段，厚硬岩层运动形式及过程被调控为回转或滑移运动，其运动产生的矿震能量及采场等效附加扰动应力降低，此外采场覆岩结构的调控导致采场静载积聚程度发生变化，超前支承压力水平降低，冲击危险区范围减小；与采场静载相比，地面水力压裂措施调控动载效果更为显著，通过理论计算，401102工作面压裂后覆岩运动附加等效采场扰动应力为1.72 MPa，走向支承压力峰值为42.26 MPa，冲击危险区影响范围为12 m，比未采取压裂措施相比分别降低了76%、8.5%、47.8%；压裂颗粒流数值模型中，压裂主裂隙为上覆岩层结构发育提供了路径，加速了压裂层位附近裂隙发育延展，促使压裂岩段发生回转或滑移运动，采场最终覆岩裂隙发育高度增加30 m，各测点走向支承压力峰值平均降低5.16 MPa；计算401102工作面防冲效果评价参数W=0.62，综合评定压裂防冲效果为优秀。

In response to the lack of understanding of the rock burst prevention mechanism and the absence of evaluation methods for the prevention effect in surface hydraulic fracturing, this study focused on the hydraulic fracturing construction at No 401102 working face of the Mengcun Coal Mine. The research employed theoretical analysis, on-site monitoring, numerical simulation, and other methods to investigate the overlying strata structure and the movement form and process control mechanism of thick and hard key strata in the mining area after surface hydraulic fracturing. The study analyzed the characteristics of the dynamic load disturbance induced by the movement form and process changes of the thick and hard key strata and the characteristics of the influence of changes in the overlying rock structure on the degree of static load accumulation after the implementation of ground hydraulic fracturing in the mining space. It revealed the mechanism of ground hydraulic fracturing for preventing and controlling rock-bursts. Furthermore, the study proposed and applied a method for evaluating the effectiveness of surface hydraulic fracturing construction to prevent rock-bursts in coal mines, and the conclusions were as follows: ground hydraulic fracturing broke a complete thick hard rock formation into several fractured strata along the main fracture. The movement forms and processes of thick and hard rock strata was regulated to rotary or slippery movement, resulting in a reduction in the energy of mining-induced earthquakes and the equivalent additional disturbing stress in the working face. Additionally, the regulation of the overburden structure of the working face led to a change in the degree of static load concentration in the working face, thereby lowering the level of overburden pressure. Consequently, this reduced the scope of rock-burst hazard zones; Compared with the static load of the working face, the effect of ground hydraulic fracturing measures in regulating the dynamic load was more significant. Through theoretical calculations, the additional equivalent working face disturbance stress caused by the movement of the overlying rock after fracturing in the 401102 working face was 1.72 MPa, the peak strike support pressure was 42.26 MPa, and the influence range of the impact hazardous area was 12 m. These values were 76%, 8.5%, and 47.8% lower, respectively, than those observed with non-fracturing measures; In the fracturing particle flow numerical model, the fracturing main fissure provided a path for the development of the overlying rock structure, accelerated the extension of fissure development in the vicinity of the fractured layer position, and induced fractured strata to undergo slewing or sliding movement. Consequently, the height of the final overburden fissure development of the working face increased by 30 m, and the peak of the strike-supporting pressure at each measurement point was reduced by an average of 5.16 MPa; The evaluation parameter W was calculated as 0.62 for the rock burst prevention effect of the 401102 working face, indicating an excellent comprehensive evaluation of the fracturing rock burst prevention effect.