生物炭对贫瘠土壤质量提升具有重要作用，但生物炭对煤矿区复垦土壤理化性状、酶活性及多样性的影响尚不清晰，尤其是微生物固碳潜力的促升。本研究将3种不同秸秆源生物炭(水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆)施入到矿区复垦土壤中，测定不同质量分数生物炭添加对复垦土壤理化、酶活性及碳库管理指数的影响，分析土壤微生物群落结构及固碳功能基因等变化。主要结论如下：(1)生物炭添加处理组土壤pH、电导率、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和有效钾含量均有所增加(P < 0.05)，β–葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、纤维二水解酶(CBH)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)的活性得以提升，而β–N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)的活性降低。(2)生物炭添加提高了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的相对丰度(P < 0.05)，降低了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的相对丰度。同时降低了真菌中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度，显著提高了担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度(P < 0.05)。3种生物炭处理增强了细菌网络复杂性，但对真菌网络复杂性并未产生显著影响。(3)水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆等不同生物炭处理的碳库管理指数分别提升了4.7%、4.8%、24.0%。与对照组相比，添加生物炭组的固碳功能基因CBBL绝对丰度均显著提高(P < 0.05)，其中玉米秸秆处理的固碳功能基因PMOA绝对丰度显著提高(P < 0.05)。生物炭添加显著提高了环境因子与固碳功能基因、碳库管理指数的相关性，微生物是调控土壤固碳潜力的主控因子，为未来矿山生态修复固碳增汇提供了科学依据。

Biochar application is a key measure for enhancing soil quality. However, the impact of biochar applications on the reclaimed soil for improvement on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity and microbial diversity is still unclear, especially for the promotion mechanism of microbial carbon sequestration capacity. This study applied three kinds of biochar originated from straw containing rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw to mine reclaimed soil, measured the effects of biochar addition on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and carbon management index of reclaimed soil, and analyzed the variation of soil microbial community structure and carbon sequestration functional genes. From the experimental results, the main conclusions are shown as follows: (1) The soil pH, electrical conductivity, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content in the biochar-added groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the activities of β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were enhanced, whereas the activity of β–N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) decreased by 15.0% to 25.0%. (2) Biochar addition increased the α diversity index of soil microbial community, while the effect on bacterial α diversity index was significantly higher than that of fungi. Biochar addition increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi (P < 0.05), while decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota. In addition, it reduced the relative abundance of Ascomycota in fungi and significantly increased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota (P < 0.05). The three biochar treatments enhanced bacterial network complexity, but biochar addition did not significantly affect the fungal network complexity. (3) The soil carbon management index of rice straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, and corn straw biochar treatments increased by 4.7%, 4.8%, and 24.0%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the absolute abundance of carbon sequestration functional gene CBBL (the encoding gene of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit) in the straw biochar treatment group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The absolute abundance of carbon sequestration functional gene PMOA (the encoding gene of particulate methane monooxygenase ß subunit) in the corn straw biochar treatment group significantly increased (P < 0.05). Biochar addition significantly improved the correlations among environmental factors, carbon sequestration functional genes, and carbon management index, with the microbial community being the main controlling factor to regulate soil carbon sequestration potential, which could provide important basis for the future ecological restoration of mines, carbon sequestration and sink enhancement.