State Key Laboratory for Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing　 100083,China

为揭示接种菌根真菌对采煤沉陷引起植物根系拉伤的修复作用,模拟矿区植物垂直方向上拉伤根系,采用三室分根装置以玉米为宿主植物,通过接种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,简称AM真菌)研究其对植物受损根系生理生化的影响。结果表明:接菌能缓解因伤根对玉米生长的不利影响。1/3伤根时接菌玉米的地上和地下生物量分别比未接菌显著提高43.8%和17.6%。2/3伤根时,接菌的玉米地上和地下生物量大于未接菌,但未达到显著水平。最大伤根程度时菌根室中AM真菌的侵染率和菌丝密度分别为71.1%和4.82 m/g,仍能与玉米形成稳定的互惠共生关系。接菌促进受损根系对矿质元素的吸收利用。伤根1/3时,接菌玉米地上部中N,P,K,Ca和Mg含量分别比未接菌显著增加1.55,0.43,5.23,2.81和0.28 mg/g,接菌分别比未接菌的玉米根系中N,P,K,Ca和Mg含量显著增加1.32,0.73,5.0,6.45和0.69 mg/g,且能恢复到未伤根时玉米的矿质元素含量水平。接菌能降低伤根对玉米根系内源激素产生的不利影响。伤根1/3时菌根室接菌玉米根系中生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)和细胞分裂素(CTK)含量显著提高,脱落酸(ABA)含量显著降低,且达到未伤根时内源激素含量水平。伤根2/3时菌根室和根室中接菌根系的GA和CTK含量可以恢复到1/3伤根时根系中该激素含量水平。AM真菌的侵染率与菌丝密度与根系中GA和CTK含量显著相关,与IAA和ABA含量相关性不显著。接种菌根缓解了伤根对植物的生理生化不利影响。

Coal mining promotes economic development,however,it causes a lot of ecological problems such as surface subsidence and cracks. The plants roots are injured seriously in the processes of subsidence. Then the injured roots im-pact plant growth and physiological processes,and the structure and function of ecological system. It is important to find out more effective way to restore the injured roots. But it is difficult to study roots because they exist in unobserv-able soil. The irregular distribution of roots and the different forces generated in the process of surface subsidence are difficult to be studied comprehensively. The technologies to repair the injured roots of plant have not been completely perfected yet. The traditional physical and chemical technologies have many disadvantages:high cost,time-consuming,laborious and bringing secondary pollution. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) as a safe and green microbi-ological technology are advocated at home and abroad. They benefit for the growth and nutrition absorption of plant, and have a great value and potential to restore the degraded ecology caused by coal mining. In this study,the split root system was used to simulate vertical root injury in mining area. With maize as a host plant,the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and physiology of root-damaged maize were investigated. The results demonstrated that the negative effects of the injured roots on the maize growth was alleviated by the inoculation of AM fungi. The aboveground and belowground biomass of maize with 1 / 3 roots injured inoculated was significantly increased by 43． 8% and 17． 6% respectively comparing with control groups. The aboveground and belowground biomass of maize with 2 / 3 root injured was more than that without inoculation insignificantly. The mycorrhizal colonization and hyphal density of AM fungi were 71． 1% and 4． 82 m / g respectively in mycorrhizal compartment,though the roots were in-jured at highest degree. Inoculation promoted the nutrient uptake of maize with injured roots. When the 1 / 3 roots of maize were injured,the N,P,K,Ca and Mg concentrations of maize shoots maize inoculated increased significantly by 1.55,0． 43,5． 23,2． 81 and 0． 28 mg / g respectively comparing with the control groups,and that of maize roots inocu-lated significantly increased by 1． 32,0． 73,5． 0,6． 45 and 0． 69 mg / g respectively comparing with non-inoculaton, and the AM fungi restored mineral concentrations of maize to uninjured level. The inoculation reduced the adverse effect from injured roots on the endogenous hormones concentrations of maize root. The inoculation increased the indole acetic acid (IAA),gibberellin ( GA),cytokinins ( CTK) and reduced the abscisic acid ( ABA) concentrations of maize with 1 / 3 injured roots significantly,compared with the control groups in mycorrhizal compartment. The endoge-nous hormones concentrations was restored to the uninjured level. The GA and CTK concentration of maize with 2 / 3 injured roots inoculated in mycorrhizal and root compartments restored to the level of endogenous hormone in root with 1 / 3 injured. And the infection rate and hyphal density of AM fungi was significantly correlated with the GA and CTK, and correlated with IAA and ABA of roots insignificantly. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviates the adverse effects of injured root on the physiological growth of plants,and provides a good theoretical basis and technological support for the ecological restoration in the mining area,which has ecological significance.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574253)；国家高技术研究发展计划(863)资助项目(2013AA102904)；

Bi Yinli,Sun Jinhua,Zhang Jian,et al. Remediation effects of plant root growth inoculated with AM fungi on simulation subsidence injured [J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):1013-1020.