1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin　 123000,China; 2. College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang　 110866,China; 3. College of Mining Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin　 123000,China

排土场复垦植被土壤存在直径可达数厘米的大孔隙或管状通道和植物根系,是形成土壤大孔隙及土壤优先流的主要原因。根据水分穿透曲线法和Poiseulle方程,系统地研究排土场不同复垦植被类型下(刺槐林地、榆树林地、混交林地、灌木林地、农地和荒草地)土壤大孔隙的半径范围、个数及分布情况。结果表明:不同样地土壤水分穿透曲线存在差异,6个样地0~5 cm土层稳定出流速率在0.019 3~0.031 5 mm/s,表现为乔木大于灌木大于草本;土壤水分穿透曲线呈现先快速增大后稳定的趋势,不同时期(活跃期、波动期、稳定期)具有不同的变化特征,砾石和植被根系是造成土壤穿透曲线波动的主要原因;土壤稳定出流速率随土层深度的增加而减小,0~5 cm土层的稳定出流速率最大(0.019 3~0.031 5 mm/s),50~60 cm土层最小(0.002 8~0.0 035 mm/s);排土场不同复垦植被土壤大孔隙半径介于0.03~4.71 mm,土壤大孔隙率为0.03%~16.58%,决定稳定出流速率65%的变异和饱和导水率42%的变异。

There are a large number of macropore and tubular channels with a diameter of several centimeters and plant roots in the reclaimed soil of dump and which were the main reason for the formation of soil macropore and soil preferential flow. The radius,number and distribution of soil macropores under the different reclaimed vegetation(Rob- inia pseudoacacia,elm,mixed forests (Robinia pseudoacacia and elm),shrub,farmland and weeds)in the dump were investigated using water breakthrough curve and Poiseulle equation. The results showed that:① The characteristic of water breakthrough curve differed significantly and the steady effluent rate of 0 - 5 cm soil layer was 0. 0193-0. 0315 mm / s among the different reclaimed vegetation;the steady effluent rate of arbor forest was higher than shrub land and weeds. ② The water breakthrough curve showed a trend of increasing sharply first then staying stable and having different characteristics in different periods with active period,fluctuation period and stable period;Gravel and vegetation root system are the main reasons for the fluctuation of water breakthrough curve. ③ The steady effluent rate was decreased with the increase of soil depth,and which of 0-5 cm soil layer was maximum,0. 019 3-0. 031 5 mm / s and 50-60 cm soil layer was minimum,0． 002 8-0． 003 5 mm / s. ④ The radius of soil macropores ranged from 0. 03 to 4. 71 mm and the soil macroporosity ranged from 0. 03% to 16. 58% under the different reclaimed vegetation in the dump;the mean radius determined 65% variances of steady effluent rate and 42% of saturated hydraulic conductivity.

LÜ Gang,FU Xinyang,LI Yexin,et al. Soil macropore characteristics of different reclaimed mine soils in dump of surface coal mine[ J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):529-539.