煤炭精准开采的目标是以最少的人力实现煤炭资源的低损失、高产出、无事故、少破坏的全程智能化开采，除了开采工艺、采矿装备、传感感知、物联网、自动化和信息技术外，实现煤炭精准开采的技术关键就是基于四维空间的地质保障和透明地质的云计算技术。全面地论述了煤炭精准开采地质保障的技术内涵和目的，其核心是利用先进的装备和软件实现煤炭开采前、开采中和开采后全矿井地质体和隐蔽属性的精准化、可视化和透明化，并能够对地质灾害和危险源超前预知和防治，从地质层面确保精准开采工作的顺利进行。关于地质保障技术，阐述了地质体几何计算、地质灾害预测预报2个科学问题，凝练了构造地质、煤层地质、地质力学、地质扰动、瓦斯地质、水文地质、透明地质7项云计算技术，同时描述了这些科学问题和关键技术的研究进展。为了发挥地质保障技术在煤炭精准开采中的核心作用，首先，对构造地质精准建模、煤层煤质智能预测、开采扰动破坏分析、瓦斯参数反演和瓦斯灾害预报、水文地质分析和水害预警以及综合地质属性透明化处理等比较困难的科学问题和关键技术给出了解题思路。其次，论述了地质保障软件系统及其应用的云计算架构、主要功能以及在煤炭精准开采中的应用方式，并通过部分应用案例说明了这些技术方案的可行性。最后，指出只要在三轴绝对地应力传感器、宽频段微震传感器、宽量程风速传感器、富水区超前探测、煤层自然发火状态监测和在线水质化验等技术上取得进一步突破，就能为煤炭精准开采提供比较完整的地质保障。

The goal of precision coal mining is to realize low-loss,high-output,no accident,less damaged intelli-gent mining of coal resources in the whole process with minimal manpower. In addition to mining technology,mining equip- ment,sensory perception,Internet of Things,and automation and information technology,the key to realize precision coal mining is the four-dimensional space-based geological guarantee and the cloud computing technology of transparent geology. This paper comprehensively discusses the technical connotation and purpose of geological guarantee for precision coal mining. The core of geological guarantee for precision coal mining is to use advanced equipment and software to realize the precision,visualization and transparency of the whole mine geological body and hidden attributes before,during and after coal mining,and to predict and prevent geological disaster and hazard sources in advance,so as to ensure the smooth progress of precision mining from the geological level. With regard to geological guarantee technology,two scientific problems of geometric calculation of geological body and geological disaster prediction and forecast are expounded,and seven cloud computing technol-ogies of tectonic geology,coal seam geology,geomechan- ics,geological disturbance,gas geology,hydrogeology and transparent geology are extracted. At the same time,the re- search progress of these scientific problems and key technologies are also described. In order to play the central role of geological guarantee technology in precision coal mining,firstly,the paper gives solutions to difficult scientific problems and key technologies,such as the accurate modeling of structural geology,the intelligent prediction of coal seam and coal quality,the analysis of mining disturbance and failure,gas parameter inversion and gas disaster prediction,hydro- geological analysis and water disaster early warning,and the transparent processing of comprehensive geological attrib- utes. Secondly,the cloud computing architecture,main functions and application modes in precision coal mining of geo- logical guarantee software system and its application are discussed,and the feasibility of these technical solutions is demonstrated through some application cases. Finally,it is pointed out that as long as further breakthroughs are made in these technologies,such as triaxial absolute in-situ stress sensor,broadband micro-seismic sensor,wide-range wind speed sensor,advanced detection in water-rich area,condition monitoring of coal seam spontaneous combustion and on- line water quality test,a relatively complete geological guarantee can be provided for precision coal mining.